“西祀金山”与“据岭之要”:十六国时期河西地区族群的山岳信仰与地缘交通

“To Sacrfice the Jinshan Toward W est”and“To Occupy the Key of the Mountains”:Mountain Belief and Geo-traffic of the Ethnic Groups in the Hexi During the Period of Sixteen States

十六国时期,在河西走廊地带,一些政权不断征伐,攻城略地,客观上促进了这一区域交通路线的扩展。五凉时期,尤其是南凉、北凉着力争夺金山及其周边区域,即是一个典型。河西走廊金山位置的考证,与魏晋时期三次张掖瑞石之柳谷有关,或即在今甘肃省张掖市民乐县南古镇柳谷村附近。金山的名称可能与这一地区盛产金、鲜卑冶金传统以及吐鲁番文书所见波斯鍮金在此区域的流通等因素有关。南凉、北凉等政权着力争夺金山,实行“据岭之要”策略,表明了这一地区的重要战略地位;各政权祭祀金山及其周边一些山岳的礼仪传统,也有着不同的历史渊源。

During the Period of Sixteen States,some regimes constantly attacked the Hexi Corridor and conquered the cities,which objectively promoted the expansion of this regional traffic route.Five Liang period,especially the South Liang and North Liang strive for Jinshan and its surrounding areas,is a typical.The textual research on the loca⁃tion of Jinshan in Hexi Corridor is related to the Liugu Valley of Zhangye Ruishi which appeared three times in Wei and Jin Dynasties,or near Liugu Village of Nangu Town,Minle County,Zhangye City,Gansu Province.The name of Jin⁃shan may be associated with the rich gold in this area,the Xianbei metallurgical tradition and the circulation of Persian Tou Jin seen in Turpan documents in this area.The Southern Liang and Northern Liang concentrated on competing for Jinshan and implemented the strategy of“Occupy the mountains”,which indicated the important strategic position of this area.The ritual tradition of offering sacrifices to Jinshan and its surrounding mountains also has different historical origins.