离子液体在湿法冶金浸出和电沉积中的应用进展

Application advances of ionic liquids in hydrometallurgical leaching and electrodeposition

离子液体具有溶解性好、导电性高、电化学窗口宽、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、可反复利用及易再生等优良的物理化学性质,在有机合成、分离、电化学、催化、冶金、核能循环利用以及纳米材料等诸多领域得到了广泛应用.特别是离子液体的引入能够使冶金反应在低温下进行,降低能耗且减少污染,因此这种新型"绿色"溶剂在冶金领域具有很大的应用潜力.本工作综述了离子液体在湿法冶金中的研究及应用现状,重点介绍了以离子液体为介质溶解金属及其氧化物、浸出复杂矿物及电子废弃物和电沉积制备多种金属及其合金的研究进展,并展望了离子液体在冶金领域的发展前景.

Because of their excellent physical and chemical properties,namely,their good solubility,high conductivity,wide electrochemical window,good thermal and chemical stability,reusability,and easy regeneration,ionic liquids have been widely used in many fields such as organic synthesis,separation,electrochemistry,catalysis,metallurgy,nuclear energy recycling,and nanomaterials.In particular,the introduction of ionic liquids enables metallurgical reactions to occur at low temperatures,which in turn reduces energy consumption and pollution.Therefore,this new“green”solvent has great application potential in the field of metallurgy.This paper summarizes the research and application status of ionic liquids in hydrometallurgy,with a focus on the dissolution of metals and their oxides,the leaching of complex minerals and electronic wastes,and the preparation of various metals and their alloys by electrodeposition with ionic liquids as the medium.The developmental prospects of ionic liquids in metallurgy are also discussed.