施用粪肥和菇渣对作物重金属累积的影响

Effects of applying livestock manure and mushroom residues on heavy metal accumulation in crops

通过田间试验,研究了施用双孢菇和金针菇菇渣、猪粪肥和牛粪肥对农作物生长和重金属累积的影响.猪粪肥Cu、Zn等重金属含量显著高于菇渣和牛粪肥.双孢菇菇渣Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量显著高于金针菇菇渣,与双孢菇基料中添加少量鸡粪有关.施用菇渣和粪肥有显著增产效应.猪粪肥处理青椒产量显著高于其他施肥处理.猪粪肥处理,农作物中Cu、Pb、Cd主要富集在根部.青椒果实Zn、Pb、Cd含量显著增加,稻米Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量显著增加,但青椒和稻米重金属含量均处于食用安全范围内.双孢菇菇渣处理,青椒根部Cd含量显著增加,果实Pb含量也显著增加.双倍双孢菇菇渣处理,水稻根部重金属富集,稻米Pb、Cd含量也显著增加.猪粪肥和双孢菇菇渣长期使用对土壤和作物具有重金属累积风险,应引起充分重视.相比之下,施用金针菇菇渣和牛粪肥,土壤和作物重金属累积风险较低.

In this study,we investigated the effects of applying the culturing residues of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes,and pig and cattle manure on the growth and heavy metal accumulation in crops through two field experiments.The content of heavy metals,such as Cu and Zn in the pig manure was significantly higher than that in the mushroom residues and cow manure.The Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd content in the Agaricus bisporus residue was significantly higher than that in the Flammulina velutipes residue,which was related to the addition of a small amount of chicken manure to the Agaricus bisporus culture base.The applications of the mushroom residues and manures significantly affected the yield increase.The green pepper yield was significantly higher following the pig manure treatment than following other fertilisation treatments.During the pig manure treatment,the heavy metals Cu,Pb,and Cd were mainly concentrated in the roots of the crops.The Zn,Pb,and Cd content in the green pepper fruits,as well as the Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd content in rice increased significantly;however,it remained within the safe range for consumption.The Agaricus bisporus residue treatment significantly increased the Cd content in the green pepper roots and increased the Pb content in the fruits.In the case of a double-dose Agaricus bisporus residue treatment,heavy metals were mainly concentrated in the roots of the rice plants,and the Pb and Cd content in rice increased significantly.Our results suggest that the long-term application of pig manure and Agaricus bisporus residue would lead to heavy metal accumulation risks in the soil and crops,which should not be ignored.In contrast,the application of Flammulina velutipes residue and cow manure had a lower risk of heavy metal accumulation in the soil and crops.