“玩”与中国传统物审美活动的价值变迁

“Play”and the Value Change of Chinese TraditionalAesthetic Activities with Objects

在中国古典美学中,“玩”是一个与物亲和的独特美学范畴,其审美价值隐伏并受限于先秦时期的玩好娱乐,播迁并深度关联于魏晋南北朝时期文的自觉,发扬并确立于宋明时期器物美学观念的成熟推展。从“丧志”之斥到“适情”“尊生”的价值肯定,“玩”范畴生动揭示了中国传统物审美活动的价值突围及其对古典文论、美学观念的潜在深刻影响。当然,鉴于“玩”以其对物的具身经验最终超越了传统感物美学中物的媒介化定位,具有以物为直接、完整之感性对象的现代性美学意义,其亦为当代审美文化反思提供了可资参照的理论资源与实践范例。

In Chinese classical aesthetics,“play”is a unique aesthetic category that is compatible with objects.Its aesthetic value is incubated and limited in the good play and entertainment in the pre Qin period.Its spread is closely related to the consciousness of literature in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,and it was further developed and finally established and matured in the promotion of the aesthetic concept of objects in the Song and Ming Dynasties.From the repudiation of“despondency”to the affirmation of the value of“comfort”and“respect for life”,the category of“play”vividly reveals the value breakthrough of Chinese traditional aesthetic activities and its potential profound impact on classical literary theory and aesthetic concepts.Of course,in view of the fact that“play”ultimately transcends the media orientation toward objects in traditional aesthetics with its concrete experience of objects,and has the modern aesthetic significance of taking objects as direct and complete perceptual targets,it also provides theoretical resources and practical examples for contemporary aesthetic cultural reflection.