健康促进视角下中学生校园环境感知与体力活动关联性研究

Study on the Correlation Between Environmental Perception and Physical Activity of Middle School Students from the Perspective of Health Promotion

2022年4月教育部办公厅印发《关于实施全国健康学校建设计划的通知》,其中强调我国决定实施全国健康学校建设计划,将促进学生健康融入学校发展规划。同时,在我国大力推行儿童友好城市建设的大背景下,如何通过优化校园环境促进学生健康已成为健康建筑研究领域的关注课题。体力活动促进是青少年健康促进的重要干预手段,本研究选取西安市高密度社区内两所中学进行案例对比分析,通过问卷调研和数理统计分析,以学生的主观感受和评价为切入点,分别从安全性、舒适性、美观性和可达性四个维度探讨影响中学生校内体力活动的校园环境感知要素以及二者的关联规律。并从绿化景观层次的丰富性,公共空间的多义性和绿色校园的生态性几个角度提出促进体力活动的中学校园环境优化策略,以期从健康促进视角对校园空间环境设计策略提供依据与参考。

In April 2022,the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on the Implementation of the National Healthy School Construction Plan,which emphasized that China decided to implement the National Healthy School construction plan,and integrated the promotion of students’health into the school development plan,major reform and construction projects.At the same time,under the background of vigorously promoting child-friendly city construction,how to optimize the campus environment to promote students’health has become the focus of health architecture research.Physical activity promotion is an important intervention method for adolescent health promotion.This paper selects two middle schools in Xi’an high-density community for comparative analysis of cases.Firstly,through literature review,the multi-dimensional environmental perception factors affecting middle school students’physical activity in school were screened.Taking students’subjective feelings and evaluation as the starting point,the environmental perception score questionnaire survey was carried out from four dimensions of safety,comfort,aesthetics and accessibility.By reviewing the intensity and frequency of physical activity in the school in one week,students selected the option that best suits their own situation at different levels in the questionnaire.Secondly,a total of 104 valid questionnaires from the two schools were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software for mathematical statistics,and the differences between genders and schools were compared in terms of physical activity level scores and environmental perception evaluation scores respectively,and the reasons for the differences were analyzed.Finally,through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis,the correlation between campus environment perception factors and students’physical activity was discussed,and the action mode of environmental perception factors and physical activity characteristics was understood.Through the questionnaire survey and mathematical statistical analysis,based on students’subjective feelings and evaluation as the starting point,this paper discusses the perceived elements of campus environment and the correlation between them from four dimensions of safety,comfort,aesthetics and accessibility.From the perspectives of the richness of green landscape,the polysemy of public space and the ecology of green campus,this paper puts forward the optimization strategies of campus environment to promote physical activity.For example,when optimizing the campus environment,it can be considered that blurring the specific functions of some public spaces,weaken and dissolve the boundaries between different places,and enhance the transparency and compatibility for various types of activities.Or respond to students’uneven perceived comfort with the overall campus environment.Under different regional climate conditions,attention should be paid to shading,rain prevention,ventilation and heat insulation of activity space and site,and energy consumption can be reduced by setting overhead floors,connecting corridors and roof greening,combined with passive design strategies.It is hoped to provide basis and reference for the design strategy of campus space environment from the perspective of health promotion.The discussion of perceived environment is the first step to dig deeply into the influence mechanism of campus environment and students’physical activities.With the deepening of the research,objectively quantified physical environment elements are introduced,such as the area of per student sports field,the number of sports facilities,the shading rate of the field,etc.,combining the subjective perceived environment elements of students.At the same time,policy environment and social environment elements,only by adding the analysis as a potential confounding factor can we comprehensively and deeply evaluate the correlation law between campus environment and physical activity.The factors affecting physical activity of middle school students are multi-dimensional and complex.Due to the limitation of time and conditions,this study has the deficiency of small sample size and a single perspective based on subjective perception.In the next step,accelerometer,GPS and other instruments will be combined with objective measurement data of physical activity on the basis of subjective questionnaire,so as to further explore and reveal the correlation between campus space environment and students’physical activity from a more comprehensive and multidimensional perspective,while promoting the design practice of healthy campus.