多源大数据支持下的共享单车出行与空间品质耦合研究

The Coupling of Bike-Sharing Use and Cycling Space Quality:A Multi-Source Data-Supported Analysis

在“碳达峰、碳中和”的发展背景下,共享单车作为高效、便捷、绿色的出行方式,对建设低碳城市具有重要意义。以厦门岛为例,利用共享单车轨迹数据、百度街景等多源大数据,挖掘共享单车出行时空特征,并基于服务设施密度、功能多样性、交通可达性、骑行视觉舒适度、骑行设施完整度等原则建立了骑行空间品质评价模型,运用四象限法与地理加权回归(GWR)模型,解析人本尺度下的“单车出行—空间品质”的耦合关系。研究发现:厦门岛的共享单车出行形成了“多点一轴”的空间格局,骑行网络以地铁站点为核心向外扩散。“单车出行—空间品质”的四象限分析将各路段划分为高出行—高品质、高出行—低品质、低出行—高品质、低出行—低品质四种类型。GWR模型分析显示,骑行品质要素在不同的路段对单车出行的影响差异显著。基于此,提出构建层级化的站域慢行“微中心”、开展差异化的街道空间重塑的规划响应策略,为城市慢行系统多尺度空间优化提供了“定点”与“定向”的理论支撑与优化思路。

The transportation sector is a significant contributor to carbon emissions,accounting for nearly a quarter of the total.Given China’s current focus on achieving“carbon emission peak before 2030”and“carbon neutrality before 2060”,it is crucial that this sector receives increased attention in China.Presently,the rapid growth of and excessive reliance on private vehicles has created immense pressure on road traffic,leading to elevated levels of air and noise pollution as well as carbon emissions.Governments and scholars alike are increasingly concerned with promoting the adoption of sustainable transportation modes(or encouraging environmentally-friendly travel behaviors among residents).Against this backdrop,the development of a green transport system becomes both urgent and indispensable.Such a transport system would help alleviate urban traffic congestion,enhance traffic efficiency,and mitigate environmental pollution and carbon emissions.In recent years,bike-sharing has emerged as a prominent green travel mode,gaining popularity in numerous cities worldwide,including New York,Paris,Beijing,Shanghai,and Chengdu.This sustainable travel mode boasts almost zero carbon emissions and can serve as both a standalone mode of transport and a convenient last-mile solution.Furthermore,bike-sharing encourages physical activity,benefiting the overall health of individuals and communities alike.With its potential to alleviate traffic congestion,reduce energy consumption,curb air pollution,and promote public health,bike-sharing holds immense promise for enhancing urban transport systems.However,the urban built environment has not adequately adapted to the rise and expansion of the bike-sharing market,particularly concerning the explosive growth of shared bikes.Since its introduction in Xiamen(the study area,a coastal city in China)in 2016,bike-sharing has experienced rapid development but has also presented significant challenges to sustainable urban growth.The uncontrolled occupation of sidewalks and entrances/exits of metro stations,along with supply-demand imbalances,have become common issues in Xiamen.These challenges highlight the need for effective urban spatial resource allocation and careful consideration of the bike-sharing phenomenon to ensure sustainable development in the city.The evaluation of the bike-sharing travel environment(or cycling space)and the identification of its issues and areas for improvement have become crucial and intriguing research endeavors.To this end,this study utilizes multi-source data,including bike-sharing trajectory data and Baidu street view imagery,to examine the spatio-temporal characteristics of bike-sharing usage on Xiamen Island,China,specifically between 6 a.m.to 10 a.m.Furthermore,the study establishes an assessment model for cycling space quality by incorporating parameters such as density,diversity,accessibility,and visuality.A four-quadrant analysis and a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model are then employed to analyze the coupling relations between bike-sharing usage and cycling space quality.This comprehensive approach enables the identification of areas and aspects that require improvement to create a more cycling-friendly environment.Specifically,the four-quadrant analysis,which jointly considers bike-sharing travel demand and cycling space quality,categorizes road segments into four groups:“high usage-high quality”,“high usage-low quality”,“low usage-high quality”,and“low usage-low quality”.Moreover,the GWR model reveals the spatially heterogeneous impact of each independent variable on bike-sharing usage,and its result provides profound policy implications for spatial optimization.The findings of the study are as follows:the bike-sharing usage pattern on Xiamen Island can be characterized as“one axis and multiple points”.Generally,bike-sharing trips are short in distance and duration,with distances between 500-1500 m and durations of 5-10 minutes being the most common.In the study period(6-10 a.m.),popular bike-sharing routes include journeys from residential areas to metro stations,from metro stations to workplaces,and from BRT(Bus Rapid Transit)stations to metro stations.Qiaoque East Road and Chengqing Road belong to“high usage-low quality”roads,and they are in the greatest need of improvement.Accordingly,the study proposes two improvement strategies:the development of slow-traffic micro-centers in metro station areas and the place-varying redesign of street spaces.The study serves as a theoretical and practical foundation for the optimization of the urban slow-traffic system at multiple scales.As mentioned,improving the built environment for bike-sharing is crucial to support its growth and maximize its potential as a sustainable travel mode.Other than the measures commonly mentioned in the existing literature,two improvement strategies that can be applied in Xiamen Island and elsewhere are proposed,including the development of slow-traffic micro-centers in metro station areas and the place-varying redesign of street spaces.Arguably,the improvement of the urban built environment is not the only approach to promoting bike-sharing usage.For example,raising public awareness about the environmental and health benefits of bike-sharing and promoting a culture of cycling(e.g.,through the way of workshops,events,and information campaigns)is essential as it can dispel misconceptions and encourage positive attitudes towards cycling,consequentially facilitating bike-sharing usage.To sum up,it is believed that through collaborative efforts and a comprehensive approach,the way for a greener and more sustainable future in the transportation sector can be paved,aligning with collective aspirations for a carbon-neutral world.