基于通勤特征的深圳市城中村职住关系研究

Jobs-Housing Relation Patterns of Urban Villages in Shenzhen Based on Commuting Characteristics

本文选取深圳市14个居住型城中村作为案例,基于手机信令数据分析城中村的通勤特征,探讨其与就业的职住关系模式。研究发现,城中村的通勤特征呈现出了显著的区位差异性:从通勤距离看,城边村最长,城内村次之,城外村最短;从通勤方向看,城内村和区位条件较好的城边村具有较强的市中心指向,而城外村的通勤多局限于外围区。结合深圳的就业空间布局特征,研究归纳了不同区位城中村的职住关系模式,分析职住空间错配的表现,进而提出优化职住空间格局的政策建议,包括针对不同区位的城中村制定差异化的空间引导政策,以及在城市中心区外培育非工业类就业中心等。

The urban villages provide an important low-cost living environment for urban migrants and low-and middle-income people,which means great significance for effective urban spatial governance to pay attention to the issue of jobs-housing relations of residents in urban villages.This paper selects 14 residential urban villages in Shenzhen as cases to analyze the commuting characteristics of urban villages based on cell phone signaling data,and then discuss their jobshousing relation patterns.According to the different location,the 14 urban villages are divided into three types:the villages inside the city,the villages near the city and the villages outside the city.According to the different accessibility of rail transit,these villages are divided into two types:the villages near the metro station and the villages far away from the metro station.It is found that urban villages with different locations and rail transit accessibility have significant differences in commuting distance.In general,the villages near the city have the longest commuting distance,followed by those inside the city and those outside the city.In terms of the villages near the city and the villages outside the city,the commuting distance of villages near the metro station is longer than that of villages far away from the metro station.However,in terms of the villages inside the city,there is no significant difference in commuting distance between the villages near the metro station and those far away from the metro station.It is also found that urban villages in different locations have significant differences in connection direction.In terms of the villages inside the city,they are mainly commuting within the central area,with few connections outside the central area.Accordingly,the hot spots of commuting destination are almost all in the urban center,and the heat decreases with the increase of spatial distance from those villages.In terms of the villages near the city,there are two main types of commuting including in the near area and towards the central area.Meanwhile,the commuting connection between them and the peripheral area is less.Correspondingly,the hot spots of commuting destination are not only distributed in the suburbs,but also in the central area in large numbers,while they are rarely distributed in the peripheral areas.In some villages near the metro station,the heat of the commuting hot spots in the central area is even higher than that around the village.In terms of the villages outside the city,the commuting range is obviously smaller and more concentrated than the first two types of villages.The hot spots of commuting destination are basically located around those villages,and there is little commuting connection with the urban center and the suburban area.Combined with the overall spatial distribution pattern of employment in Shenzhen,three jobshousing relation models of urban villages have been summarized as follows.1)The villages inside the city are serving the urban center due to the close distance.2)The villages near the city are serving the surrounding industrial parks.Meanwhile,some villages with good rail transit accessibility also serve as the residential hinterland of the central area.3)The villages outside the city are serving the surrounding industrial parks.It is argued that from the perspective of job-housing spatial mismatch,currently there is no obvious mismatch between urban villages and employment in the outer areas in Shenzhen,and the mismatch phenomenon is more likely to occur in the central areas and suburbs.Therefore,more attention should be paid to solving the problem of insufficient low-cost housing space in the central areas and less non-industrial employment space outside the central areas.Finally,the study puts forward the following policy recommendations to optimize the spatial pattern of jobs and housing.Firstly,developing different renewal strategies for urban villages in different districts.The villages near the city,especially those with good rail transit accessibility can be mainly considered to promote large-scale transformation for talent rental program,while the villages inside the city and outside the city should be given priority to the basic comprehensive renovation to improve the living quality.Secondly,cultivating non-industrial employment centers outside the urban central area to strengthen the polycentric spatial structure of the city and provide more possibilities for the jobs-housing match to the villages near the city and even the villages outside the city.