不同品种向日葵花盘和茎秆特征差异研究

Study on Differences in Disc and Stem Characteristics among Different Sunflower Varieties

本试验以向日葵品种科阳7号和T33为材料,研究不同品种向日葵花盘、茎秆特征的差异及其对成熟期籽粒鸟害损失的影响。结果表明:科阳7号花盘直径、花盘倾斜度均显著大于T33;科阳7号茎粗、茎顶端长直径和短直径、皮层厚度均显著小于T33,株高、茎秆海绵状髓直径显著大于T33;科阳7号维管束横向面积显著小于T33;科阳7号茎秆纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量均显著低于T33;科阳7号花盘盘形微凹,无鸟害产量损失,而T33花盘盘形微凸,鸟害产量损失率高达72.08%。成熟期无鸟害产量损失品种具有较重的花盘、花盘倾斜度和直径大、花盘形状微凹、茎秆皮层薄、海绵状髓腔大、茎秆机械支撑强度小且中部易弯曲等特性。本研究结果可为选育产量高、鸟害程度低的向日葵品种提供评价指标借鉴和理论依据。

This study used Keyang 7(KY7)and T33 as materials to investigate the differences of sun-flower disc and stem characteristics and their effects on the degree of bird damage to grains at maturity.The re-sults showed that the disc diameter and gradient of KY7 were significantly larger than those of T33.The stem diameter,long and short diameter of stem apex and cortical thickness of KY7 were significantly lower than those of T33,while its plant height and spongiform pith diameter of stem were significantly higher than those of T33.The vascular bundles lateral area of KY7 was significantly lower than that of T33,and the contents of cel-lulose,hemicellulose and lignin in stem were significantly lower than those of T33.The disc of KY7 was slight-ly concave,without yield loss caused by birds.The disc of T33 was slightly convex,with the highest yield loss caused by birds as 72.08%.The variety without yield loss caused by birds at maturity had heavier disc with larger gradient,larger diameter,slightly concave disc shape,stem with thin cortex,large diameter spongy pith,small mechanical support strength and the middle part was prone to bending.The results provided refer-ences for evaluation indexes and theoretical basis for breeding sunflower varieties with high yield and lower damage degree caused by birds.