生物有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌对穿心莲品质及土壤性质的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Bacillus subtilis on Andrographis paniculata Quality and Soil Properties

本试验采用盆栽方法,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(HF)、单施有机肥(OF)、有机肥+低量枯草芽孢杆菌(BOL)、有机肥+中量枯草芽孢杆菌(BOM)、有机肥+高量枯草芽孢杆菌(BOH)和单施枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)共7个处理,研究其对穿心莲生长、有效成分含量及根际土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,各生长时期3个有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理穿心莲的地上部鲜重、叶面积、叶片数、根重、叶片叶绿素含量各指标值大多显著高于对照、单施化肥、单施有机肥、单施枯草芽孢杆菌各处理。3个有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理植株地上部的穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯和穿心莲总内酯含量也均显著高于对照、单施化肥和单施有机肥处理。3个有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理根际土壤pH值和土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高于对照、单施化肥、单施有机肥和单施枯草芽孢杆菌处理,且大多差异显著。有机肥配施高量枯草芽孢杆菌处理(BOH)根际土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于其它6个处理;3个有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照、单施化肥、单施枯草芽孢杆菌处理,有机肥配施中量、高量枯草芽孢杆菌处理根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性也显著高于单施有机肥。3个有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理土壤细菌和放线菌数量大多高于其它4个处理,显著高于对照、单施化肥和单施有机肥处理,而真菌数量显著低于对照、单施化肥和单施枯草芽孢杆菌处理。综上,有机肥配施枯草芽孢杆菌处理能够改善穿心莲根际土壤理化性质,促进穿心莲生长和其有效成分的积累。

In this experiment,seven treatments including no fertilizer(CK),only chemical fertilizer(HF),only organic fertilizer(OF),organic fertilizer+low amount of Bacillus subtilis(BOL),organic fertiliz er+medium amount of B.subtilis(BOM),organic fertilizer+high amount of B.subtilis(BOH)and only B.subtilis(BS)were set to study their effects on the growth,content of effective components of Andrographis paniculata and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil by pot experiment.The results showed that the above-ground fresh weight,leaf area,leaf number,root weight and leaf chlorophyll content of A.pan-iculata under the three treatments with organic fertilizer and B.subtilis were mostly significantly higher than those of the other treatments.The contents of andrographolide,neoandrographolide,dehydrated andrographol-ide and total andrographis paniculata in the above-ground under the three treatments with organic fertilizer and B.subtilis were also significantly higher than those of CK,HF and OF treatments.The pH value and the con-tents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil of three treatments of organic fertilizer combined with B.subtilis were higher than those of the other treatments,and most of the differences were significant.The invertase activity in rhizosphere soil under BOH treatment was significantly higher than that of the other six treatments.The catalase activity in rhizosphere soil under the three treatments of organic fertilizer combined with B.subtilis was significantly higher than that of CK,HF and BS treatments,and that under the treatments of BOM and BOH were also significantly higher than that under OF treatment.The amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes of the three treatments of organic fertilizer combined with B.sub-tilis were mostly higher than those of the other four treatments,and significantly higher than those of CK,HF and OF treatments,the amount of fungi was significantly lower than that of CK,HF and BS treatments.In summary,the application of organic fertilizer combined with B.subtilis could improve the physical and chemi-cal properties of rhizosphere soil and promoted the growth and accumulation of effective components of A.paniculata.