基于视觉动力-灰色关联分析的车身造型形态进化机制研究

Evolution Mechanism of Vehicle Styling Based on Visual Dynamics-Gray Correlation Analysis

为了对车身造型形态的进化机制进行深入分析,提出基于视觉动力-灰色关联分析的研究方法.首先针对传统视觉力偏重主观经验的不足,对其大小与方向、初始形态等进行了形式化描述,并提出视觉力的测度方法;然后提出了车身造型形态进化模型,并选取宝马7系第一代至第六代车型为案例,通过语义差异实验获取车身造型形态意象变化趋势,运用灰色关联分析获取各代车型侧面特征视觉动力与意象的关联系数.结果发现:从第三代至第四代的车型代际进化过程中,车身造型形态产生了突变,其内因是碰撞安全法规相继出台与制造工艺的重大变化.在当前智能化、网联化、电动化的发展趋势下,车身形态将可能产生颠覆式变化;“冲线”视觉力与意象的灰色关联系数在代际车型上起伏较大,“牵引”与“生长与挤压”视觉力的大小与意象的灰色关联系数在代际车型上表现稳定,而方向与意象的灰色关联系数存在起伏;肩线与霍夫迈斯特拐角的视觉力与各代车型的意象关联度总体上最高,在车型设计开发中应给予充分重视.

A method based on visual dynamics-gray correlation analysis was proposed in order to analyze the evolution mechanism of vehicle styling.Firstly,the size and direction of visual dynamics and the initial form was formally described,and the measurement method of visual dynamics was proposed to address the shortcomings of the traditional visual dynamics relying on subjective experience.Then an evolution model of vehicle styling was proposed.Selecting the first to sixth generations of BMW 7 Series as the cases,the semantic difference experiments were carried out to obtain the imagery trend of vehicle styling,and a correlation coefficient between visual dynamics and imagery of each generation vehicle’s side features was obtained based on gray correlation analysis.The results show that,due to the introduction of crash safety regulations and major changes in manufacturing processes,the vehicle styling has changed abruptly during the intergenerational evolution of the third to fourth generation.According to currently trend of the intelligence,network and electrification,it is likely to undergo disruptive innovation in vehicle styling.The gray correlation coefficients between the visual dynamics of"punch line"and imagery can fluctuate greatly in intergeneration.The gray correlation coefficients between the magnitude of"pull"and"grow&squeeze"visual dynamics and imagery are stable across generations,while the gray correlation coefficients between force direction and imagery fluctuate greatly.The visual dynamics of the shoulder line and Hofmeister corners has the highest overall association with the imagery of each generation,so the two parts should be given full attention for design.