民国时期北京地区疫灾防控及启示意义

Epidemic Disaster Prevention and Control in Beijing during the Republic of China and Its Implications

民国时期,由于人口流动、战乱频仍、交通变革、民众防疫意识淡漠等社会因素的影响,加重了北京地区遭受疫灾的侵袭。在对疫灾防控过程中,北京地方政府采取的具有现代意义的专业化和制度化的措施,使政府承担起疫病防治的主导作用,北京的防疫水平在全国处于相对领先的地位;构建起相对独立的防疫法规体系,初步形成应对各类疫病的防控机制;民众旧有的卫生观念被逐渐打破,防疫意识得到增强。政府和民间的共同努力对防止疫病扩散和疫灾危害起到了积极的作用,推动了北京地区卫生防疫事业的近代化进程。

During the period of the Republic of China,due to the influence of social factors such as population flow,frequent wars,transportation reform,and people’s lack of awareness of epidemic prevention,all these aggravated the epidemic suffering in Beijing area.In the process of epidemic prevention and control,the local government of Beijing has adopted professional and institutionalized measures with modern significance,enabling the government to assume the leading role of epidemic prevention and control.Beijing’s epidemic prevention level is relatively leading in the country.A relatively independent system of epidemic prevention laws and regulations has been established,and a prevention and control mechanism for various diseases has been initially formed.People’s old concept of hygiene has been gradually broken,and the awareness of epidemic prevention has been enhanced.The joint efforts of the government and the private sector have played a positive role in preventing the spread and damage of the epidemic and promoted the modernization of the epidemic prevention program in Beijing.