对抗、行动、主体:精神分析视域下的齐泽克激进政治哲学探析

Confrontation,Action,Subject:An Analysis of Zizek s Radical Political Philosophy from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis

当代西方激进左翼学者齐泽克通过对拉康精神分析理论的政治哲学阐释,围绕对抗、行动、主体三个核心范畴构建了自己的激进政治哲学体系。齐泽克通过揭示符号化建构与来自实在界否定的内在对抗,揭露出当代资本主义这个“大他者”主导的符号秩序的不稳定性,从而确立了一种基于资本主义秩序内在否定性的解放政治本体论;随着对抗逻辑的进一步激进化,作为对现存秩序的彻底改写和重建,齐泽克规定了行动的实在界内涵;而作为抵制符号化的对象的剩余,齐泽克将“被排斥者”指认为未来革命主体。总的来说,作为一种对马克思解放策略的激进改造,齐泽克精神分析化的激进政治哲学为我们提供了一种批判全球资本主义、建构未来政治秩序的新思路,值得学界重视。但是,其理论背后的内在困境及其乌托邦色彩也需要我们加以深入分析和批判。

Slavoj Zizek,a contemporary western radical left-wing scholar,constructed his radical political philosophy system around three core categories of confrontation,action and subject through the political philosophy interpretation of Jac-ques Lacan's Psychoanalytic theory.By revealing the internal confrontation between the Symbolic construction and negation from the Real,the instability of the symbolic order dominated by"the Big Other"of contemporary capitalism is revealed,and a kind of liberation political ontology based on the internal negation of the capitalist order is established.With the further radicalization of the logic of confrontation,the Real meaning of action,as a thorough rewriting and reconstruction of the ex-isting order,is defined by Zizck.As the residuals of the object of resisting symbolization,"the excluded"are regarded by him as the subjects of future revolution.On the whole,his psychoanalytic radical political philosophy,as a radical reform of Marxism's liberation strategy,provides us with a new way to criticize global capitalism and construct the future political or-der,which is worthy of academic attention.However,the inherent predicament and utopian color of his theory still need to be analyzed and criticized in depth.