2019—2021年济南市小微型企业职业病危害现况调查分析

Investigation of occupational hazards of small and micro enterprises in Jinan City from 2019 to 2021

目的分析济南市小型、微型接触职业危害因素企业(以下简称接害企业)工作场所职业病危害现状及开展劳动者职业健康监护情况,为制定职业病防治策略提供参考。方法按照随机抽样方法,选取济南市203家小型、微型企业(以下简称小微型企业)为研究对象,开展工作场所职业卫生现状调查,并对重点岗位的职业病危害因素开展定点检测和个体检测,分析开展劳动者职业健康监护情况。结果与大中型接害企业相比,2020年小微型企业工作场所职业病危害因素监测率低,但检出危害因素超标率高;2021年小微型企业粉尘、噪声、化学因素三类重点危害因素超标率均较2020年明显增高;微型企业粉尘、噪声超标率均显著高于小型企业。结论2021年济南市小微型企业职业危害形势严峻,微型企业应作为济南市职业病防治攻坚的重点对象。应通过加强企业职业卫生培训、开展常规监测质量监督等措施,控制企业职业危害水平。

Objective To analyze the current situation of the occupational disease hazards of small and micro enterprises in Jinan City and the development of occupational health monitoring of workers,so as to provide reference for government departments to formulate scientific and effective occupational disease prevention strategies.Methods Through using random sampling,203 small and micro enterprises in Jinan City were investigated on the status of occupational health in operational site to test the hazard factors of key positions in fixed-point or individual form,and analyze the occupational health monitoring status of workers.Results In 2020,the probability of monitoring of occupational hazard factors in the workplace was lower than large and medium-sized enterprises,but that of hazard factors exceeding the standard was higher.The rates of exceeding the standard of the three key hazard factors:dust,noise and chemistry,in small and micro enterprises in 2021 were significantly higher compared with 2020.That of dust and noise of micro enterprises was significantly higher than that of small enterprise.Conclusion The occupational hazard situation of small and micro enterprises in Jinan City is severe in 2021;micro enterprises should be the key objects of occupational disease prevention in Jinan City.It is necessary to strengthen occupational health training and carry out the quality supervision of routine testing,so as to control the level of occupational hazards in enterprises.