面向技能型知识的形成:职业教育教学变革的底层逻辑

Oriented to the Formation of Skill⁃based Knowledge:The Underlying Logic of Vocational Education Teaching Reform

技术技能型人才是以解决职业岗位问题为指向,有较高职业技能并且具有较强动手能力与丰厚理论积淀的职业人才。技能型知识是技术技能型人才成长的核心,它是个体在实践活动中根据相关理论与规则采取相应措施以回应具体情境的知识,具有很强的实践性、感悟性、意会性和语境性特征。现代职业教育教学变革应该遵循技能知识形成的底层逻辑,开展现场型教学模式,创造学生具身体验的“工作现场”,构建“跟班式”学习模式;创新语境型教学模式,构建技能型知识形成的“实践语境”,增强师生的互动性与体悟性;倡导对话型教学模式,发扬教学民主,构建师生平等对话机制,实现技能型知识的理解与共享。

Technical and technical talents are professional talents who have higher vocational skills and strong practical ability and rich theoretical accumulation.Skilled knowledge is the core of the growth of skilled talents.It is the knowledge that individuals take corresponding measures to respond to specific situations according to relevant theories and rules in practical activities.It has strong practical,perceptive,intentional and contextual characteristics.The teaching reform of modern vocational education should follow the underlying logic of the formation of skills and knowledge,carry out the on⁃site teaching mode,create the"work site"of students'embodied experience,and build the“follower”learning mode.To innovate the context⁃oriented teaching mode,construct the“practice context”formed by skill⁃based knowledge,and enhance the interaction and physical understanding of teachers and students;Advocate the dialogue teaching mode,carry forward the teaching democracy and build the equal dialogue mechanism between teachers and students to realize the understanding and sharing of skill⁃based knowledge.