基于多链融合的粮食供应链溯源系统

Food Supply Chain Traceability System Based on Multi-blockchain

区块链因具有不可篡改、群体共识、全程可追溯等特点而广泛应用于存证确权、商品溯源、协同共享等应用场景。基于区块链的粮食溯源难点在于粮食从种植、收储、加工、物流所涉及的供应链条比较长,追溯困难,并且同一供应链上企业之间的企业资源计划(enterprise resource planning,ERP)系统并不互通,企业自治ERP系统难以与区块链对接。本文基于联盟链与私有链融合提出了一种多链粮食供应链溯源系统(multi-blockchain food supply chain traceability,MBFST),企业间通过联盟链开展业务协作,企业内部基于私有链记录信息流转;设计了私有链与联盟链的跨链交互协议,根据溯源ID实现联盟链与私有链的交互与映射;通过私有数据集合等数据隔离机制,确保供应链企业私有数据的隐私保护。通过对原型系统的设计与实现,结果显示,MBFST能够实现粮食供应链企业间的全链条精准溯源,确保链上链下溯源信息的全程可追溯;通过Hyperledger Fabric的Node-SDK对系统的性能和吞吐量进行测试,实验结果显示,MBFST在压力测试中查询每秒事务处理量(transaction per second,TPS)最高可达1000以上,使用溯源ID的富查询TPS可达200以上,信息上链时延测试中平均时延稳定在0.2~0.3 s。对比现有的基于区块链的商品溯源系统,MBFST在溯源信息的追溯能力、链上信息的隐私性和追溯效率等方面都更具优势。

This paper proposes a multi-blockchain food supply chain traceability system(MBFST)based on the integration of consortium blockchain and private blockchain,to address challenges in food traceability.Enterprises carry out business cooperation through the consortium blockchain system,and record the trade circulation through the private blockchain system.The cross-chain interaction protocol between the private blockchain and the consortium blockchain is designed to implement the interaction and mapping accord-ing to the traceability ID.The system enables business cooperation and trade circulation recording through the consortium and private blockchain,respectively,with a cross-chain interaction protocol facilitating interaction and mapping based on traceability ID.Through data isolation mechanism like private data set,the protection of private data of enterprises is ensured.Experimental results show that the prototype system can achieve accurate traceability among enterprises in the food supply chain and ensure the whole process trace-ability both on-chain and off-chain.MBFST achieves a maximum TPS(transaction per second)of over 1000 and a TPS of over 200 for rich queries using traceability ID,with an average delay stable at 0.2∼0.3 s.MBFST has superior query performance in high concurrency circumstances in terms of traceability,privacy and effciency.