26份云南大叶茶树品种资源生化成分多样性分析

Diversity analysis of biochemical components of 26 big-leaf tea varieties in Yunnan province

【目的】深入研究云南大叶茶树品种资源,分析其生化成分的多样性,初步筛选出生化成分特异的品种资源,为特异品种的发掘利用和繁殖育种提供理论指导。【方法】对26份云南大叶茶树品种进行水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及儿茶素组分等测定,对测定结果进行主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】26份大叶茶树品种资源生化成分存在丰富的多样性和变异,平均变异系数为25.53%,在4项常规生化成分中,变异系数最大的是氨基酸,为14.13%。在儿茶素组分中,变异系数最大的是儿茶素,为63.51%。多变量主成分分析表明,前3个主成分代表了26份品种资源生化成分多样性77.179%的信息,第1主成分贡献率达50.165%,贡献最大的是酚氨比;第2主成分贡献率为16.894%,贡献最大的是表儿茶素(EC);第3主成分贡献率为10.120%,贡献最大的是表没食子基儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)。对26份大叶茶树品种资源11个生化成分进行聚类,可分为3大类群,第1类群主要聚集了云抗系列品种资源,主要特点为水浸出物、茶多酚、酚氨比、儿茶素总量、儿茶素DL-C、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)含量较高,氨基酸与表没食子儿茶素(EGC)含量较低;第2类群聚类了云南大叶茶群体种资源,特点是氨基酸、咖啡碱、EC含量较高,儿茶素总量、EGCG及ECG含量较低;第3类群主要是人工杂交茶树品种资源,特点是EGC和EGCG含量较高,水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱、酚氨比、儿茶素DL-C、EC含量较低。3个类群的4项常规成分的含有率均相对一致,酚氨比和儿茶素组分含有率存在差异。【结论】26份云南大叶茶树品种资源生化成分遗传多样性丰富,变异系数大,初步筛选出高茶多酚茶树资源26份,高咖啡碱茶树资源1份,高儿茶素总量茶树资源15份。

【Objective】Through conducting an in-depth study on the variety diversity of Yunnan big-leaf tea,analyzing the diversity of their biochemical components with corresponding varieties and screening the specific varieties,the purpose of the paper was to provide theoretical guidance for the exploration,utilization,reproduction of those specific varieties.【Method】The biochemical components of autumn tea of 26 Yunnan big-leaf tea varieties were determined,and based on the results,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out.【Result】The biochemical components of 26 varieties had rich diversity and variation,with an average coefficient of variation of 25.53%.Among the four conventional biochemical components,the largest coefficient of variation was amino acid,up to 14.13%.Among the catechin components,catechin had the largest coefficient of variation,reaching 63.51%.Multivariate principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components accounted for 77.179%of the diversity of biochemical components of 26 varieties,the variance accounted for the first principal component was 50.165%,and the contribution of phenol ammonia ratio was the largest;The variance accounted for the second principal component was 16.894%,and the contribution of epicatechin(EC)was the largest;The variance accounted for the third principal component was 10.120%,and the contribution of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)was the largest.Based on the clustering of 12 biochemical components of 26 variety resources,three groups were formed.The first group mainly was Yunkang series variety resources,which were mainly characterized by high contents of water extract,tea polyphenols,phenol ammonia ratio,total catechin,catechin DL-C and epigallocatechin gallate(ECG),and low contents of amino acids and epigallocatechin(EGC).The second group was Yunnan large leaf population resources,which were characterized by high contents of amino acids,caffeine and EC,and low contents of total catechin,EGCG and ECG.The third group was mainly artificial hybrid variety resources,which were characterized by high contents of EGC and EGCG,and low contents of water extract,tea polyphenols,caffeine,phenol ammonia ratio,catechin DL-C and EC.The contents of four conventional components of the three groups were relatively consistent,and there were differences in phenol ammonia ratio and catechin content.【Conclusion】Twenty-six Yunnan big-leaf tea variety resources have rich genetic diversity,with 26 high tea polyphenol resources,1 high caffeine resources and 15 high catechin resources preliminarily screened.