高表面粗糙度6061铝合金的两酸抛光工艺研究

Two-acid Polishing Process of 6061 Aluminum Alloy with High Surface Roughness

目的为了降低6061铝合金的表面粗糙度,提出了一种环保型的两酸化学抛光工艺,并探究了抛光工艺条件对6061铝合金表面粗糙度和表面形貌的影响。方法采用正交实验设计,确定6061铝合金两酸抛光添加剂的浓度,在此基础上通过单因素实验进一步对抛光液配方、温度和时间进行参数优化。通过粗糙度仪测量抛光前后的粗糙度和表面轮廓曲线,利用金相显微镜观察抛光前后的微观表面和断面金相,并且计算最佳工艺下的失重率。结果在温度100℃、抛光10min条件下,当抛光液的成分为H_(3)PO_(4)+H_(2)SO_(4)(质量比为2︰1)、10 g/L硫酸铝、2 g/L硫酸铜、1.6 g/L金属盐A、3 g/L氧化剂B、15 g/L过硫酸铵、1.5g/L钼酸铵时,抛光效果最好。在最佳工艺下进行抛光,使铝合金表面粗糙度从6~8µm降低至2µm左右,粗糙度的标准差从2µm左右降低至1µm以下,失重率在0.002~0.004g/(cm^(2)·min)范围内波动,并且得到了光亮的表面。结论该抛光体系在处理高表面粗糙度的6061铝合金时表现出良好的抛光效果,研究结果对提高3D打印的6061铝合金零件表面质量提供了较好的借鉴与理论分析基础。

The work aims to propose an environmentally friendly two-acid chemical polishing process to mitigate the roughness of the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy and investigate the effect of polishing process conditions on the surface roughness and surface morphology of 6061 aluminum alloy.An orthogonal experimental design was introduced to determine the optimal concentrations of different additives for the two-acid polishing process applied to the 6061 aluminum alloy.Based on this,the parameter optimization of the polishing solution formulation,temperature,and time was further carried out through single-factor experiments.Surface roughness and profile,as well as micro-surface morphology and cross-sectional metallography before and after the polishing process were evaluated with a roughness tester and a metallographic microscope,respectively.Additionally,the rate of weight loss was calculated under the optimized processing conditions.The experimental results revealed that the best polishing outcome was achieved by utilizing a polishing solution composed of H_(3)SO_(4)+H_(2)SO_(4) at a mass ratio of 2︰1,along with 10 g/L of Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),2 g/L of CuSO_(4),1.6 g/L of metal salt A,3 g/L of oxidant B,15 g/L of(NH_(4))2S2O8,and 1.5 g/L of(NH_(4))_(2)MoO_(2) at a temperature of 100 fora polishing duration of 10 minutes.Polishing under the optimal process cond℃itions resulted in the reduction of the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy from 6-8 µm to approximately 2 µm, with the standard deviation of the roughness decreasing from around 2 µm to below 1 µm, while the rate of weight loss remained within the fluctuation range of 0.002-0.004 g/(cm^(2)·min), accompanied by a lustrous surface. The polishing system has exhibited good polishing outcomes when applied to treating the elevated surface roughness of 6061 aluminum alloy. These findings provide a robust reference and a solid theoretical analysis foundation for enhancing the surface quality of 3D-printed 6061 aluminum alloy components.