南水北调从科学研究到工程实践的几个关键问题

Several key issues in the high-quality development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project:From scientific research to engineering practice

中国水资源呈现北缺南丰的空间分布格局,跨流域调水是缓解水资源分布不均的有效方案。南水北调工程是重大跨流域调水工程,对缓解黄淮海平原水资源短缺、改善河湖生态环境、优化水资源分配具有重要作用。从方案构想初步提出到一期工程建设完工,南水北调工程规划建设历时70余年,水资源优化配置、生态环境影响、工程建设管理机制等关键问题被深入研究,一系列关键成果应用于南水北调工程前期论证,助力南水北调工程高质量规划建设。2014年南水北调一期工程正式通水,标志着工程由宏伟构想变成伟大工程,从科学研究进入工程实践阶段,通水9年来,工程综合效益不断彰显。本文系统梳理了南水北调工程几个重点领域的系列科研成果,全面总结了优化水资源分配格局、提升饮水安全保障水平、推进生态环境保护与修复方面南水北调工程的实践成效,并对后续工程建设运行提出思考与展望。

China's water resources shows an uneven distribution pattern of shortage in the north and abundance in the south,and the trans-basin water diversion is an effective solution to alleviate the uneven distribution.The South-to-North Water Diversion Project(SNWD)is an important strategic infrastructure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the northern China,optimize the allocation of water resources,and improve the ecological environment.The planning and construction of the SNWD lasted more than 70 years from the initial proposal of the scheme concept to the completion of the first phase of the project.Key issues,such as optimal allocation of water resources,impact on the ecological environment,and project construction management mechanism have been studied deeply,and a series of key results have been applied to the preliminary demonstration of the SNWD,and to help high-quality planning and construction of the SNWD.In 2014,the first phase of the SNWD was officially opened,marking that the project had changed from a grand concept to a great project,and entered the stage of engineering practice from scientific research.For the 9 years since the project opened,the comprehensive benefits of the project have been continuously demonstrated.This paper comprehensively sorts out the series of scientific research results on several key issues of the high-quality development of the SNWD.Then the practical results of the SNWD in optimizing the water resource allocation pattern,improving the water safety guarantee capacity of the water receiving area,and promoting the protection and restoration of the ecological environment along the routes were systematically summarized.Finally,we put forward the thinking and prospect of the follow-up construction and operation of the project.