晚熟柑橘山地果园小区域环境温湿度差异调查

Investigation of Environmental Temperature and Humidity Difference in Small Area of Late-maturing Citrus Mountain Orchards

为完善南充地区晚熟柑橘越冬技术理论体系,探寻山地果园不同小区域环境的温湿度差异,便于进行科学的晚熟柑橘越冬管理,本研究于2021—2022年冬季在四川省南充市开展了山地果园不同地势、不同天气下的温湿度差异调查。结果表明,同一山地果园不同地势的温湿度差异明显,尤其是温度的差异。同一果园洼地的平均温度和最低温度均最低,≤0℃和≤-1℃的天数及最长持续时间均表现为洼地>半山腰>山顶。同时,无论在何种天气条件下,山顶的最低温度最高,洼地的最低温度最低。低温霜冻天气下,在凌晨和夜间等温度较低时段内,山顶温度最高,洼地温度最低。在山地果园中,洼地整体平均温度、最低温度均最低,低温天数、低温持续时间均最长,尤其在霜冻天气时洼地温度低、湿度大,最容易遭受低温冻害,而山顶的晚熟柑橘相对容易越冬。

In order to improve the theoretical system of late-maturing citrus overwintering technology in Nanchong area,explore the environmental temperature and humidity differences in different small areas of mountain orchards,facilitate the scientific management of late-maturing citrus overwintering,the study conducted a survey on the difference of temperature and humidity under different terrain and weather conditions in mountain orchards in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province during the winter of 2021-2022.The results showed that,the difference of temperature and humidity in different terrain of the same mountain orchard was obvious,especially the difference of temperature.The average temperature and minimum temperature in low-lying land of the same orchard were the lowest.The number of days≤0℃and≤-1℃and the longest duration were low-lying land>mid-mountain side>mountain peak.Meanwhile,regardless of the weather conditions,the minimum temperature of the mountain peak was the highest,and the minimum temperature of the low-lying land was the lowest.Under low temperature frost weather,the temperature of the mountain peak was the highest and the temperature of the low-lying land was the lowest during the low temperature period,such as early morning and night.In mountain orchards,the overall average temperature and minimum temperature of lowlying land were all the lowest,the low temperature days and low temperature duration of low-lying land were all the longest.Especially in frost weather,low-lying land had low temperature and high humidity,and it was most prone to suffering from low temperature freezing damage,while the late-maturing citrus on the mountain peak was relatively easy to overwinter.