权利开放与农民的共同富裕

Open Access Order and the Common Prosperity for Rural People

缩小城乡差距是实现全体人民共同富裕的重点与难点。权利是影响收入的重要因素,权利安排和开放差异是导致收入变动差异的关键。通过建立“权利开放与收入差距”的分析框架,可从居民经济活动权利、财产权利和基本社会权利三方面,分析权利开放对收入结构变动的影响机制。改革开放以来城乡收入差距演变可以划分为五个阶段,各时期城乡改革的具体制度安排以及城乡居民权利开放差异,对城乡收入差距变动有影响。基于历史分析的基础,提出未来扎实推动共同富裕的关键,一是加大力度开放农民城市权利,推动农民市民化进程;二是进一步开放乡村权利,促进乡村振兴与城乡融合。

Narrowing the gap between urban and rural people is crucial to achieving common prosperity.This paper proposes that the key to understand income disparity is the liberalization of rights,which fll into three categories,namely economic activity rights,property rights and basic social rights.Based on the theory of open access order,we establish a conceptual framework on rights liberalization and income disparities,and apply it to China's reform process.The structural transformation in the past 40 years is divided into five stages,for each stage,we analyse the institutional background,the features of rights liberalization,and their impact on urban and rural residents'income.We argue that the fundamental causes of urban-rural income disparity are the dfferences between open access orders.Specifically,to achieve common prosperity,it is necessary to empower the city rights of migrant workers,and strengthen the open access order in rural areas.