汉唐中国的“神剑-王权”叙事及其对日韩越的影响

The“Divine Sword-Royal Authority”Narrative in Han-Tang China and Its Influence on Japan,Korea,and Vietnam

“神剑-王权”叙事是汉唐中国经过长期政治实践摸索出的旨在神化皇权、树立王朝统治合法性的重要方式。从汉高祖斩蛇之“神剑开国”叙事的确立,到中古时期有关神剑与王权关联叙事的演生,再到天师剑等宗教要素之加注,“神剑-王权”叙事日益凝固并渐趋扩散。日本“记纪神话”中的草剑及天皇即位仪式中的镜、剑玺符,《三国史记》《三国遗事》中的三个天符印与若干神剑踪影,越南黎朝太祖黎利得剑、印从而“顺天”起兵的相关记述,无不浸透着汉唐“神剑-王权”叙事的影响痕迹。神剑的文化记忆与环游轨迹,不仅映现出古代东亚地区专制王权的内在特征,也展示了汉字文化圈内权势升降转移的一个面向。

The“divine sword-royal authority”narrative is an important method developed through long-term political practice in Han-Tang China,aimed at deifying imperial power and establishing the legitimacy of dynastic rule.From the establishment of the narrative of the“divine sword founding the nation”through the snake slaying by Emperor Gaozu of Han,to the evolution of narratives linking the divine sword and royal authority during the medieval period,and the addition of religious elements such as the Celestial Master's Sword,the“divine sword-royal authority”narrative has gradually solidified and spread.The influence of this narrative is evident in various examples,such as the Kusanagi sword in Japanese“Kojiki”myth and the mirror and sword seal used in the enthronement ceremony of the emperor,the three heavenly talismans and numerous traces of divine swords in the“Samguk Sagi(History of the Three Kingdoms)”and the“Samguk yusa(Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms)”,as well as the accounts related to the sword and seal of Emperor Le Loi of the Le Dynasty in Vietnam,who rose to power with the endorsement of heaven.These examples demonstrate the lasting impact of the“divine sword-royal authority”narrative in Han-Tang culture.The cultural memory and circulation trajectory of the divine sword not only reveal the intrinsic characteristics of autocratic royal power in ancient East Asia but also exemplify a dimension of power transfer within the Chinese cultural circle.