高血压流行病学和临床特征的性别差异研究进展

Research Progress on Gender Differences in Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Hypertension

高血压是影响人类健康以及生命安全的主要危险因素,目前高血压的危险因素、疾病机制、治疗和控制方面的性别差异已经得到了较好的研究。高血压流行病学和临床特征在性别上存在显著差异。男性和女性在高血压流行病学和临床特征上有显著差异。性别差异与几种特定类型的高血压有关,包括绝经后高血压、白大衣高血压、隐蔽性高血压和妊娠高血压疾病等。性别差异与高血压和高血压前期的患病率和决定因素有关,而服用降压药的男性和女性的控制率相似。重要的是,肾素血管紧张素系统、性激素、内皮素-1和交感神经活动的不同作用导致了血压控制的性别差异。本文综述了高血压的临床特征和决定因素的性别差异以及高血压的潜在机制。

Hypertension is a major risk factor affecting human health and life safety.At present,gender differences in the risk factors,disease mechanism,treatment and control of hypertension have been well studied.The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hypertension differ significantly between the sexes.There are significant differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hypertension between males and females.Sex differences were associated with several specific types of hypertension,including postmenopausal hypertension,white coat hypertension,concealed hypertension and gestational hypertension disorders.Gender differences were associated with the prevalence and determinants of hypertension and prehypertension,while control rates were similar for men and women taking blood pressure medications.Importantly,the different effects of the renin angiotensin system,sex hormones,endothelin-1,and sympathetic nerve activity contribute to gender differences in blood pressure control.This article reviews the sex differences in clinical features and determinants of hypertension and the underlying mechanisms of hypertension.