绿色破产法理念下环境债权的优先受偿及其顺位重构

Priority of Environmental Claims and Its Sequence Reconstruction under The Concept of Green Bankruptey Law

环境债权能否优先受偿影响着环境利益保护和生态环保目标的实现,但我国现行《企业破产法》对环境债权没有任何特别规定,正在展开的破产法修订工作也未能给予相应重视,严重滞后于当前生态文明建设、社会经济发展绿色化转向的形势要求。环境债权事实上由不同类型债权构成,其特殊性对当前破产债权的清偿顺位结构产生了很大冲击。在破产法的修订中,应当形塑绿色破产法理念,并结合公共政策考量内容和实质性公平原则要求,从债权形成的时间和原因、债权保护利益的性质、债权产生的主观方面以及债权人自身情况等四个维度对各类环境债权的优先受偿性进行检视和论证。在此基础上,合理确定环境债权与其他债权之间的关系,重构各类环境债权的清偿顺位。

Whether or not environmental claims can be repaid in priority affects the protection of environmental interests and the realization of ecological and environmental protection goals.However,China's Enterprise Bankruptcy Law does not have any special provisions on environmental claims,and the ongoing revision work has not paid much attention to it.It is seriously lagging behind the current situation of ecological civilization construction and green transformation of social and economic development.Environmental claims are actually composed of different types of claims,and their particularity has had a great impact on the current repayment sequence structure of bankruptcy claims.In the revision of bankruptcy law,the concept of green bankruptcy law should be shaped.We need to combine the content of public policies and the requirements of the principle of substantive fairness,examine and demonstrate the priority of environmental claims from the four dimensions:the time and reason for the formation of the creditor's rights,the nature of the interests of the protection of the creditor's rights,the subjective aspects of the creditor's rights,and the creditor's own situation.On this basis,we reasonably determine the relationship between environmental claims and other claims,and reconstruct environmental claims'sequence of repayment.