明代对“史才三长”论的探讨与发展

Discussion and Development on“ShiCai Three Strengths”in Ming Dynasty

明代学者在对“史才三长”论的探讨中提出的一些新论断,比之刘知幾等唐宋学者的论述更为明快,也补充了唐宋学者较少论及的内容。而其探讨的最突出成就,是最终将“史识”的概念定格在历史见识这一观点和识断的层面,并在此基础上特别强调品德对于史家的重要性,独立补充“心术正”“二善”“四善”等品德方面的要求,从而搭建了由才、学、识“史才三长”向才、学、识、德“史才四长”转化与演变的桥梁和纽带,为以“德”字配“才”“学”“识”三字的“史才四长”的提出奠定了坚实基础。这是明代探讨“史才三长”论,在中国古代学术发展史上取得的最为突出的成就。

Discussion on“ShiCai Three Strengths”by scholars in Ming Dynasty,put forward some new conclusions.It was not only clearer than Liu Zhiji and other scholars in Tang and Song dynasties,but also complemented the contents that the scholars of Tang and Song Dynasty seldom discussed.The most outstanding achievement in the discussion,was the ultimate interpretation of the concept of“Shi Shi”(史识)as the level of historical insight and judgment,and emphasized the importance of moral character to historians,independenced complements the moral requirements,such as“XinShu Zheng”(心术正),“Er Shan”(二善),“Four Shan”(四善)and so on.This had built a bridge and link for the transformation and evolution from the“ShiCai Three Strengths”of talent,learning and viewpoint to the“ShiCai Four Strengths”of talent,learning,iewpoint and morality,and had laid a solid foundation for the proposal of“ShiCai Four Strengths”with morality and talent,learning,viewpoint.From the history of academic development,this was the most outstanding achievement in discussion on“ShiCai Three Strengths”by scholars in Ming Dynasty.