中外农地发展权及其涨价归属

On Agricultural Land Development Rights and the Reason behind Its Rising Price:A Comparative Study between China and the West

中国现行土地制度的弊端之一是城乡土地分割,同地不同权,具体表现为农村集体土地所有权人不能像国有土地所有权人那样在自己所有的土地上设置建设用地使用权,也就是说,农村集体土地所有权人不具有国有土地所有权人国际上通行的土地发展权。多年来,中国政府通过“土地规划和用途管制制度”将土地发展权从农村土地的产权束中剥离出来,并通过征地制度占有了这部分土地开发利用的权益,这使得农村集体和个人被排除在土地增值收益的分配之外。本文在考察国外土地发展权产生、演变的基础上,分析了中国农村土地发展权与增值分配现状,并结合有关土地涨价归属的讨论,提出城乡土地同权化改革的思路。

One of the drawbacks of the current land system in China is the division of urban and rural land resulting in unequal rights and functions for collective and state-owned lands.A salient disparity lies in the absence of construction land use rights for rural collective land.China’s construction land use right is aligned with internationally recognized land development rights,however,this right is not given to the rural collective land owner.For many years,the Chinese government has deprived land development right from the property rights bundle of rural land via the“land planning and use control system”and has appropriated the rights and interests of its respective land development and utilization through the land expropriation system.It consequently marginalized rural collectives and individuals from sharing in land value appreciation.This paper firstly investigates and compares the emergence and evolution of land development rights in other countries,and elucidates the present state of rural land development rights and value-added distribution in China.Secondly,this paper further discusses the ownership of land prices increase and proposes reforms for the distribution of land value appreciation in China.