基于驾驶模拟试验的公铁交叉路段安全分析

Safety Analysis of Highway-Railway Intersection Based on Driving Simulation Experiment

为了研究高速公路改扩建公铁交叉路段的运营安全,利用UC-win/Road软件建模,开展了公铁交叉路段的驾驶模拟试验,选取驾驶员注视区域占比、瞳孔面积变化率和眼动扫视特征作为安全性评价指标,采用K-均值聚类分析法对试验数据进行分析。结果表明:1) 2处公铁交叉路段驾驶员瞳孔面积变化率多处超过风险阈值0.35,短时扫视次数分别达到了49.5%和45.2%,相较普通路段分别提高了9.8%和4.9%;2)公铁交叉路段高速公路净空减小、铁路桥墩离行车道较近,增加了驾驶员视觉和心理上的紧张程度;3)基于公铁交叉路段的交通安全分析结果,从防撞护栏、限速、标志标线、交通管制等方面提出了改善措施。

In order to study the operation safety of reconstruction and expansion of highway-railway intersection,the driving simulation experiment of highway-railway intersection is carried out by using UC-win/Road software modeling.The proportion of driver′s fixation area,pupil area change rate and eye movement saccade characteristics were selected as safety evaluation indicators.The experimental data were analyzed by K-means clustering analysis.The results show that:1)The change rate of pupil area of drivers in two road-rail intersections exceeds the risk threshold of 0.35,and the number of short-term saccades reaches 49.5%and 45.2%respectively,which is 9.8%and 4.9%higher than that of ordinary road sections;2)The decrease of highway clearance and the close distance between railway piers and lanes on the highway-railway intersection section increase the driver′s visual and psychological tension;3)Based on the traffic safety analysis results of the highway-railway cross section,the improvement measures are put forward from the aspects of anti-collision guardrail,speed limit,sign marking,traffic control and so on.