个人信息保护民事公益诉讼的若干法律适用问题研究

Research on several legal application issues in civil public interest litigation of personal information protection

《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》将个人信息保护纳入公益诉讼范畴,具有重大的现实意义,但司法机关在办理相关案件的法律适用方面依然存在若干分歧。司法实践中,判断是否符合民事公益诉讼起诉条件时,对责任主体的身份不做限制,但应区别援引不同的法律;对“个人信息”概念的理解应注重关联性;对“侵害众多个人的权益”的理解,则应侧重考量人群的分散性和不特定性。在个人信息保护民事公益诉讼中,消费者权益保护组织和国家网信部门确定的组织居于先行起诉的地位,检察机关次之。在刑事案件中发现个人信息保护公益诉讼案件线索后,应当根据具体案情,决定由刑事案件办理检察院或者市级检察院提起民事公益诉讼。在确定赔偿损失诉讼请求的具体金额时,侵权人因此获得的利益应为概括性获利,并将公益诉讼起诉人的合理费用纳入赔偿项目;同时,应设立专门基金账户对赔偿金进行管理。

The“Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”includes the protection of personal information into the scope of public interest litigation,which has great practical significance.However,there are still some differences in the application of law in the handling of related cases by judicial organs.In judicial practice,when judging whether the conditions for civil public interest litigation are met,there is no restriction on the identity of the subject of responsibility,but different laws should be cited;the understanding of the concept of“personal information”should pay attention to relevance;the understanding of“infringing numerous personal rights and interests”should focus on considering the dispersion and non-specificity of the crowd.In civil public interest litigation for personal information protection,consumer rights protection organizations and organizations identified by the national cybersecurity and informatization department are in the position of prosecuting first,followed by procuratorial organs.After discovering clues to a public interest litigation case for the protection of personal information in a criminal case,it should be decided to initiate a civil public interest litigation by the criminal case handling procuratorate or the municipal procuratorate based on the specific circumstances of the case.When determining the specific amount of the compensation claim,the benefits obtained by the infringer should be generalized profits,and the reasonable expenses of the public interest litigation plaintiff should be included in the compensation items;at the same time,a special fund account should be set up to manage the compensation.