纳米铜线的制备及其在柔性电子领域的应用

Synthesis of copper nanowires and its application in flexible electronic devices

纳米铜线不仅具有银优良的导电性,由于纳米级别的尺寸效应,还具有优异的透光性和耐曲挠性,且其价格远远低于金和银等贵金属,成为制备柔性电子器件理想的电极材料。本文系统分析了制备纳米铜线的模板法、气相沉积法、静电纺丝技术和化学液相法的优缺点,介绍了基于水-疏水有机溶剂体系和酸处理等纳米铜线的纯化工艺,列举了纳米铜线的抗氧化表面包覆材料(惰性金属、碳基材料和有机聚合物包覆材料)及其包覆工艺。最后,总结了由纳米铜线及其复合材料与柔性基底(纸基、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等)组装而成的柔性电子器件在柔性透明电极、能量存储/转化和柔性传感器等领域的应用现状及面临的挑战。

Copper nanowires not only have excellent electrical conductivity comparable to silver,but also have good light transmittance and flexural resistance due to the size effect at the nanoscale.In addition,it is far cheaper than gold and silver,hence it is an ideal electrode material for preparing flexible electronic devices.The synthesis methods of copper nanowires were systematically reviewed,such as template method,vapor deposition method,electrospinning technology,and chemical liquid phase method.Purification technologies based on water-hydrophobic organic solvent system and acid treatment for copper nanowires were introduced.Various cladding materials with core-shell structure and corresponding cladding technologies used to improve the oxidation resistance and stability of copper nanowires were listed,including inert metals,carbon-based materials,and organic polymer materials.The application status of flexible electronic devices integrating high-quality copper nanowires(or their composites) with flexible substrates(paper-based,polyurethane,and polyethylene terephthalate,etc.) in the fields of flexible transparent electrodes,energy storage/conversion,and flexible sensors were concluded.Finally,the challenges faced in practical application were prospected.