汉语典型受事主语句:类型和基于力动态的句型分析

Typical Chinese Patient Subject Construction:Classification and Structure Analysis on the Basis of Dynamicity Theory

本文在归纳汉语典型受事主语句分类的基础上,运用力动态理论对其句型做出分析。通过在历时层面和共时层面梳理汉语受事主语句,本文总结并发现后接反身代词的光杆动词和施益体光杆动词可以充当受事主语句的谓语,同时细化了现代汉语受事主语句中“受事+动词词组”的类型。在受事主语句句型分析方面,本文从力动态角度回答了受事前置做主语的动因和谓语后接宾语与否的原因。前者是因为在施事缺失的情况下,受事需前置充作形式上力的施发点。后者则取决力动态传递是否终结于谓语层面,从而决定是否需要宾语作为力的承受点。本文结论打破了受事主语句谓语必须是复杂谓语说,为受事主语句的句型结构提供了完整的认知解释。

On the basis of classifying typical patient subject construction(PSC)in Mandarin Chinese,this paper analyzes the sentence structure of PSC under the framework of dynamicity transmission.The classification of PSC both on the diachronic level and synchronic level has revealed that bare verbs followed by reflexive pronouns as well as benefactive bare verbs can be used as the predicates of PSC,and has also discovered more subtypes of“patient+multi-verbal structures”in modern Chinese PSC.The analysis of sentence structure has explained the cognitive motivation of patients preposed to be the subjects of PSC,and whether objects are required or not after the predicates.For the former it is because patients should be preposed to function as the formal initiators of dynamicity transmission when agents are missing.For the latter it depends on whether dynamicity terminates on the level of predicates,so as to decide if the objects are required or not to function as the endpoints of the dynamicity transmission.This paper challenges the hypothesis that the predicates of PSC must be complex ones,and provides an overall cognitive explanation for the structure analysis of PSC.