“少子化”背景下日本中小学价值观教育的议题、策略与启示

Issues,Strategies and Revelations of Values Education in Japanese Primary and Secondary Schools under the Background of "Falling Birth Rates"

“少子化”问题是日本社会各界高度关注的重大课题。为遏止“少子化”现象,有效提升婚育率,日本着眼于破解“少子化”现象发生的价值观基础,将儿童和青少年的价值观塑造作为一项重要突破口,力图通过价值观教育为下一代日本人树立积极的婚育观和健康的家庭观。为此,日本实施了一系列由政府主导,以中小学课程和实践教育活动为主要载体,由家庭和社会力量共同参与的价值观教育策略。主要包括:实施以“家庭规划支援”为重点的生涯教育策略,构建以“家庭科课程”为核心的课程教学策略,开展以“代际互动体验”为主题的校社协同策略等。从我国低生育率问题逐步凸显的时代课题出发,我国既需要夯实物质基础和制度框架,也需要注重价值构建,大力弘扬积极的家庭观、健康的婚育观和全面的人生观,倡导新型家庭人口文化,尤其应注重发挥价值观教育服务国家人口发展战略的重要职能。

The problem of "Falling Birth Rates" is a major issue of concern to Japanese society.In order to curb the phenomenon of "Falling Birth Rates" and effectively improve the marriage and childbearing rate,Japan focuses on the study of the value factors of "Falling Birth Rates" phenomenon,takes the shaping of children's and adolescents' values as an important breakthrough,and tries to establish a positive concept of marriage and childbearing and a healthy family concept for the next generation of Japanese through value education.Therefore,Japan has implemented a series of values education strategies,which are led by the government,with primary and secondary school curriculum and practical education activities as the main carriers,and jointly participated by families and social subjects.Mainly including:implementing a career education strategy with a focus on "family planning support";constructing a curriculum teaching strategy with a focus on "Family Science Curriculum";developing a school community collaboration strategy with the theme of "intergenerational interactive experience",etc.Starting from the reality of China's "Falling Birth Rates" problem gradually becoming prominent,China not only needs to consolidate its material foundation and institutional framework,but also needs to focus on value construction,promote positive family values,healthy marriage and childbirth values,and comprehensive life values,advocate for a new type of family population culture,especially emphasizing the important role of values education in serving the national population development strategy.