哪些因素对学业成就的影响最大——基于对“哈蒂排名”和PISA-TALIS的分析

What Work Best on Accelerating Student Achievement——Based on the Analysis of Hattie Ranking and PISA-TALIS

当前流行的学生中心论、技术替代论、教育无用论和阶层决定论都倾向于削弱教师的重要性。两个关于学业成就的关键性研究揭示了“哪些因素对学业成就的影响最大”的整体图景:一是约翰·哈蒂的“可见的学习”,使用元分析综合的方法,发现教师及其教学策略和教学法等因素、学生的认知能力和学习策略等拥有更高的效应量;二是OECD的PISA-TALIS研究,通过大规模国际调查,发现教师的课堂实践和学校的人际环境更重要。尽管两者采用了不同的研究方法、模型和维度,有不同的侧重点,但在结论上却存在着某种一致性,即需要重新捍卫教师在教育过程中的重要角色。

Prevailing theories such as student-centered learning,technological substitution,education skepticism,and class determinism tend to undermine the significance of teachers.However,two pivotal studies on academic achievement paint a different picture of "what factors have the greatest impact on academic achievement":The first is John Hattie's Visible Learning,which reveals that factors related to teachers,their teaching strategies and models,as well as students' cognitive abilities and learning strategies,have a higher effect size,based on the synthesis of meta-analyses.The second is the OECD's PISA-TALIS research,which,through extensive international surveys,finds that teachers' classroom practices and the school's interpersonal environment hold greater importance.Despite these studies adopting different research methods,models,and dimensions,and having different focuses,there is a certain consistency in their conclusions,that is,the need to reaffirm the vital role of teachers in the educational process.