2015年-2021年某院住院儿童疾病谱分析

Disease Spectrum Analysis of Children Hospitalized in the People's Hospital from 2015 to 2021 of a City

目的分析某院住院儿童疾病谱,为医院管理和疾病防治提供依据。方法通过医院病案信息化管理系统收集2015年1月21日-2021年12月31日某市人民医院17237名住院儿童就诊疾病资料,对不同时期疾病种类、构成比、顺位及其年份动态变化趋势进行统计分析,比较不同年龄段以及不同性别间疾病构成及顺位差异,组间率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果发病率排前6位的系统疾病分别是:呼吸系统疾病(48.74%)、起源于围生期疾病(20.49%)、神经系统疾病(6.26%)、传染病和寄生虫疾病(4.27%)、消化系统疾病(3.35%)、血液系统疾病(2.3%),合计占85.37%。儿童疾病好发年龄表现为小于1岁(37.9%),1~3岁(33.7%),4~6岁(21.1%),7~12岁(7.2%),且不同年龄段好发疾病不同,小于1岁起源于围产期疾病最常见(98.1%),1~3岁传染病和寄生虫疾病最常见(63.6%),4~6岁和7~12岁均以其他疾病最常见(50.0%、37.5%)。男性总体发病率高于女性(63.3%vs 36.7%),其中男性患儿呼吸系统疾病(61.4%vs 38.6%)、消化系统疾病(60.4%vs 39.6%)发病率较女性患儿高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸系统疾病和起源于围产期疾病是前二位,不同年龄段病种差异显著,且男女之间病种构成比亦存在差异。临床应加强围产期母婴保健,注重呼吸系统疾病防治。

Objective To explore the disease spectrum of children hospitalized in the people's hospital of a city,so as to provide basis for hospital management and disease prevention.Methods Disease data of 17237 inpatients from a people's hospital were collected by hospital medical record information management system from January 21st,2015 to December 31st,2021.The dynamic change trend of disease types,composition ratio,rank and year were statistically analyzed in different periods,and the difference of disease composition and rank among different ages and genders was compared.Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the rates between groups.Results The top 6 systemic diseases in incidence rate were respiratory system diseases(48.74%),diseases originating from perinatal period(20.49%),nervous system diseases(6.26%),infectious diseases and parasitic diseases(4.27%),digestive system diseases(3.35%)and blood system diseases(2.3%),accounting for 85.37%.Children's disease prone age is less than 1 year old(37.9%),1-3 years old(33.7%),4-6 years old(21.1%),7-12 years old(7.2%),and different age groups have different predispositions.Perinatal diseases originating from less than 1 year old are the most common(98.1%),infectious diseases and parasitic diseases from 1-3 years old are the most common(63.6%),and other diseases are the most common(50.0%,37.5%)in 4-6 years old and 7-12 years old.The overall incidence rate of male children was higher than that of female children(63.3%vs 36.7%),among which the incidence rate of respiratory system disease(61.4%vs 38.6%)and digestive system disease(60.4%vs 39.6%)of male children was higher than that of female children(P<0.05).Conclusions Respiratory diseases and perinatal diseases were the first two.There were significant differences in different age groups,and the proportion of disease composition between men and women was also different.We should strengthen maternal and infant health care in the perinatal period,pay attention to the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases,cultivate children's good hygiene habits,and reduce the incidence of diseases.