高温电磁透波材料的研究进展

Research Progress of High Temperature Resistant Electromagnetic Wave-transparent Materials

高速飞行器的飞行马赫数不断提高,位于其前端的天线罩部件对高温透波材料提出了迫切需求。本文综述了近年来耐温1300℃以上电磁透波材料体系(包括透波陶瓷增强体、透波陶瓷基复合材料和透波涂层等)以及新型制备工艺(包括快速烧结技术和3D打印技术等)的研究进展,同时介绍了本团队在相关领域的最新研究工作,指出高温透波领域还存在新型连续透波纤维成本高昂、高温透波领域可用材料体系较少及透波材料高温下透波与烧蚀性能演变规律尚不明确等问题,最后对高温透波领域在透波纤维工艺优化、新型高温透波材料预测、透波材料使役性能分析与评估等方面未来的发展趋势做了展望。

The increasing Mach number of high-speed aircraft provokes an urgent demand for high temperature resistant wave-transparent materials available for radomes.In this review,the research progress on electromagnetic wave-transparent materials with temperature resistance above 1300℃(including wave-transparent ceramic reinforcements,ceramic matrix composites and coatings)and novel preparation technologies(including rapid sintering and 3D printing methods)in recent years is elaborated.Besides,the research findings of NUDT in aforementioned field are highlighted.Furthermore,remaining problems such as the high cost of novel continuous wave-transparent fibers,the lack of wave-transparent material systems suitable for high temperature environments and the inexplicability of evolutionary mechanisms of their wave-transparent and ablation properties under high temperature are analyzed.Finally,the development trend in high temperature resistance electromagnetic wave-transparent materials,in the terms of optimization of preparation process of wave-transparent fibers,prediction about novel wave-transparent materials and evaluation of their performance,is prospected.