我国不同规模生猪养殖效率的测算及其影响因素研究

Study on the measurement and influencing factors of different scales of pig breeding efficiency in China

为了测算我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)不同规模生猪养殖效率和全要素生产率,并探究影响养殖效率的因素,研究基于2010—2020年的省级面板数据,运用数据包络分析(data envelope analysis,DEA)-曼奎斯特(Malmquist)模型和Tobit模型进行测算和回归分析。结果表明:30个省(自治区、直辖市)不同规模生猪养殖效率均保持在较高水平,但2018年后有下降趋势;纯技术效率是养殖效率变化的主要动因;各规模养殖全要素生产率变化趋势有所不同,中、小规模生猪养殖技术效率与技术进步呈反向变化趋势;养殖规模、政策支农水平、政府环境治理支出、经济发展水平、养殖技术水平对生猪养殖效率产生了显著的正向影响,交通条件、人力资本水平、生猪销售价格、对外贸易程度、生猪疫病风险对生猪养殖效率产生了显著的负向影响,市场化水平、生猪养殖业发展水平对不同养殖模式下的生猪养殖效率产生了显著的异质性影响。据此笔者提出如下建议:扩大规范养殖规模,加大政策扶持力度;增强规模养殖效应,优化区域产业布局;完善技术服务体系,搭建创新推广平台。

In order to measure the efficiency and total factor productivity of different scale pig breeding in 30 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities directly under the central government),and explore the factors affecting the pig breeding efficiency,based on the provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020,the data envelope analysis(DEA)-Malmquist model and the Tobit model were used for measurement and regression analysis.The results showed that the efficiency of pig breeding at different scales in 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government)maintained a high level,but showed a downward trend after 2018.Pure technical efficiency was the main motivation of changes in farming efficiency.The change trend of total factor productivity of different scale farming was different,and the change trend of technical efficiency and technical progress was opposite in medium and small scale farming.Factors such as breeding scale,policy support to agriculture level,government spending on environmental governance,economic development level,and breeding technology level all had significantly positive effects on breeding efficiency positively.Traffic conditions,human capital level,pig sales price,foreign trade level and pig disease risk had significant negative effects on pig breeding eficiency,while marketization level and pig breeding industry development level had significant heterogeneity effects on pig breeding efficiency under different breeding modes.Therefore,the author proposed that the scale of aquaculture should be expanded and standardized,and the policy support should be strengthened;enhancing the effect of scale farming and optimizing the regional industrial layout;improving the technical service system,building innovation promotion platforms.