农业技术培训、经营规模对农业生产效率的影响——以水稻栽培技术为例

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT SCALE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY——TAKING RICE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY AS AN EXAMPLE

[目的]提高农业生产效率是推进农业现代化建设的重要指标。[方法]文章基于江西省512份微观调研数据测算出农户的农业生产效率,运用Tobit模型、PSM模型以及分位数回归模型分析了农业技术培训、经营规模对农业生产效率的影响。[结果]研究结果表明,农业技术培训对农业生产效率的提高具有显著促进作用,且参与农业技术培训可使农户的农业生产效率提高9.32%;不同经营规模农户参与农业技术培训对农业生产效率的提升效应存在差异,规模户提升效应为28.18%,显著高于小农户的6.97%;农地经营规模对农户农业生产效率具有显著影响,并呈现出“倒U型”关系;农业技术培训、经营规模对不同分位点的农户农业生产效率均具有显著正向作用,并有递增趋势,同时对高效率组的促进作用要明显高于低效率组的农户。[结论]政府应积极拓宽农业技术推广渠道,加快转变技术推广方式,同时鼓励适度规模经营,进一步提高农户农业生产效率。

Improving agricultural production efficiency is an important target in promoting agricultural modernization.Based on 512 micro-survey data in Jiangxi province,this paper calculated farmers' agricultural production efficiency,and analyzed the influence of agricultural technical training and operation scale on agricultural production efficiency by using the Tobit model,PSM model and quantile regression model.The results showed that agricultural technical training had a significant promoting effect on the improvement of agricultural production efficiency,and participation in agricultural technical training could improve the expected agricultural production efficiency of farmers by 9.32%.There were differences in the improvement effect of agricultural production efficiency among farmers of different scales of operation,and the improvement effect of agricultural production efficiency of large-scale farmers was significantly higher than that of small farmers.The scale of farmland management had a significant positive impact on farmers' agricultural production efficiency,and presented an inverted U-shaped relationship.The training of agricultural technology and the scale of operation had a significant effect on the agricultural production efficiency of farmers at different quantiles,and showed an increasing trend,but the effect on the agricultural production efficiency of farmers in the high efficiency group was significantly greater than that in the low efficiency group.Therefore,the government should actively broaden the agricultural technology extension channels,accelerate the transformation of technology extension methods,and encourage moderate scale management to further improve agricultural production efficiency of farmers.