先秦民本思想的萌发与形成

Bourgeoning and Formation of the People-oriented Thought in Pre-Qin Period

远古民本遗迹就已体现出民本思想的因素。传统意义上的“民本”思想萌生于商周,发展、形成于春秋战国。夏商周时期的民本思想是在对政权更革、王朝兴亡历史经验的总结中得出的宝贵经验和理性认识,也是退神重人观念发展过程中萌发的理性意识,这一时期的民本思想以“天命顺民命”为主要特征。春秋战国时期,“以民为本”的表达成为一个思想概念,形成了“立君为民”、君民相互依存观念和教民、富民思想,政治上主张为政以德,施行仁政,我国古代民本思想的丰富内涵已基本呈现出来。

The ancient people-oriented heritage reflects the factors of the populist ideas.The"peopleoriented"thought in the traditional sense originated in the Shang and Zhou dynasties,developed and formed in the Spring and Autumn&the Warring States Period.The people-oriented thought in the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties is the valuable experience and rational understanding derived from the summary of the historical experience of regime change and the rise and fall of dynasties,and it is also the rational consciousness that sprouted in the process of retreating from the spirit and respecting people.The main feature of this thought is"the mandate of heaven obeying the destiny of the people".During the Spring and Autumn&the Warring States Period,the idea of"people-oriented"became an ideological concept,forming the concept of"establishing the monarch for the people",interdependence between the monarch and the people,and the idea of educating and enriching the people.Politically,it advocated governance based on virtue and exercised benevolence.And thus the rich connotation of the ancient people-oriented thought has been recognized.