朝鲜《燕行录》文献中的“汉衣冠”与头发

"Hat and Clothes"and Hair of Han Nationality in the Yan Xing Lu in North Korea

朝鲜士人对“汉衣冠”与剃发有强烈的关注,他们看到清朝戏台上还穿着“汉官威仪”,并多次预言“后世王者起必取法于此”。辛亥革命后,朝鲜人的预言成真,全国各地陆续出现了革命者以穿戏服表达恢复“汉衣冠”的行动。“汉衣冠”与头发,既承载了朝鲜人对明清交替的悲情投射,同时又成为朝鲜人自夸的一种想象符号。在朝鲜人笔下,汉人会为衣冠头发而哭泣,有人因见衣冠而提出想逃往朝鲜,还有人通过偷穿戏服、家藏旧衣或朝鲜冠服来体验“汉衣冠”。甚至满洲人也对“汉衣冠”表达出欣赏与向往,其中或有夸张与想象。到晚清,朝鲜人则配合清朝防范太平天国可能利用“朝鲜服色”,衣冠头发之悲,又指向了明治维新后改穿西装的日本。

Scholars in North Korea shows a strong concern for"Han hat and clothes"and shaving hair.They notice that"Han official prestige"was still worn on the stage of the Qing Dynasty.And they have predicted many times that"the kings of later generations must follow suit."After the Revolution of.1911,the prophecies of the Koreans came true,and revolutionaries appeared in various parts of the country to wear costumes to express the restoration of the"Han hat and clothes"."Han hat and clothes"and hair not only carries the Korean people's tragic projection of the Ming and Qing dynasties,but also becomes an imaginary symbol of Korean people.In K orean writing,Han people cried for hat and clothes and hair.Some people flee to North Korea because of seeing Han hat and clothes,and some people experienced"Han hat and clothes"by stealing costumes,hiding old clothes at home or Korean crown clothes.Even the Manchu nationality expressed their appreciation and yearning for the"Han hat and clothes",which may contains exaggeration and imagination.In the late Qing Dynasty,the Koreans cooperated with the Manchu government to prevent spies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom(1851-1864)in the guise of Koreans who worn Han hat and clothes.And the K oreans regarded Japanese cutting short hair and wearing suits to rebel against the tradition of wearing Han hat and clothes as tragedy after the MeijiRestoration.