摘要
商周至战国,蜀地考古发现的中原青铜礼器在形制、组合和功能上均有明显变化。从年代上说,蜀地中原礼器演变可分为三个阶段:商晚期、西周时期、春秋战国时期。其中,商代晚期至西周时期,发生了由“尊+罍”向“列罍”的转变,并在功能上由神权祭祀用器变为酒礼器,表明西周时期的蜀,与周的文化交流愈加深入。这同文献记载的蜀参与武王伐纣、成周会盟相暗合。特别是,蜀在成周会盟上献文翰(鱼凫氏象征物)表明西周的蜀为杜宇氏。因此,商周之际蜀地青铜礼器变革,正是杜宇氏代替鱼凫氏的历史表现。春秋战国时期,形成了以鼎为核心的楚文化青铜礼器组合取代此前“列罍”的规制,以及楚系文字传入等现象与古蜀史传中开明氏源自荆楚、入蜀后代替杜宇氏的史实相合。
From the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Warring States Period,the bronze ritual vessels discovered in the Central Plans of the Shu area have obvious changes in shape,composition and function.Chronologically,the evolution of ritual vessels in the Central Plains of the Shu area can be divided into three stages:the late Shang Dynasty,the Western Zhou Dynasty,and the Spring and Autumn&the Warring States Periods.Among them,from the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty,there was a change from"Zun&Lei"to"Lie Lei",and the function was changed from a theocracy sacrificial vessel to a wine ritual vessel,indicating that cultural exchanges of the Shu area were different from other areas in the Western Zhou Dynasty.This coincides with the records in the literature that Shu participated in Crusake against King Zhou of Shang by King Wu of Zhou and King Zhou Cheng Alliance with Vassals.In particular,Shu presented Wenhan(a symbol of the Yufu clan)at King Zhou Cheng Alliance with Vassals,indicating that Shu in the Western Zhou Dynasty was Du Yu's clan.Therefore,the change of bronze ritual vessels in Shu during the Shang and Zhou dynasties was the historical manifestation of Du Yu's replacement of Yufu's.During the Spring and Autumn&the Warring States Period,a combination of bronze ritual vessels of Chu culture with the tripod as the core was formed to replace the previous"Lie Lei",and the introduction of Chu characters,which were similar to the facts that the Kaiming family originated from Jingchu in the ancient Shu history legend and the Chu characters replaced Du Yu's after entering Shu.
出处
《中华文化论坛》
北大核心
2023年第3期133-146,191,共15页
Journal of Chinese Culture
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“三星堆文化与中国文明研究”(项目编号:21AZD131)
四川师范大学成都历史与成都文献研究中心重点项目“学术史视野下华西大学考古学者的巴蜀文化研究”(项目编号:CLWX22001)
国家社科基金重大项目“古蜀地区文明化华夏化进程研究”(项目编号:21&ZD223)阶段性成果。
关键词
三星堆文化
礼器演变
古蜀王权
San Xing Dui Culture
The Evolution of Ritual Vessels
Ancient Shu's Kingship