农地流转、分工深化与经济体效用提升

Agricultural Land Circulation,Deepening of Division of Labor and Economic Utility Improvement

农业土地流转制度不但为农业土地的机械化、规模化经营提供了制度保障,而且推动农村多余劳动力迁入城市、转入工业等非农产业,为深化劳动分工创造机遇。本文在概述土地制度变迁过程中农业机械化的发展与劳动分工深化的基础上,构建数理模型分别考察了传统农业阶段、家庭联产承包责任制阶段以及“三权分置”阶段经济体的均衡效用。具体而言,本文发现了农业土地流转与劳动分工改善经济体状况的可能性,即交易效率、生产的专业化经济程度与工人的劳动还原系数满足一定条件,农业人口比例较小且与农机部门人口比例保持一定对应关系时,“三权分置”阶段的生产模式能够进一步改善经济体的状况。数值模拟结果表明,随着农机具生产劳动分工的深化,农产品和一般工业品生产专业化经济程度的提高将会极大提升经济体的均衡效用。简言之,土地流转政策强有力的制度供给,为二元经济的分工创造了源动力,由此引致的土地的适度规模经营与农机具生产劳动分工进一步促进了新业态下农业经济的发展,从而提高了经济体的效用。

The agricultural land circulation system not only provides institutional guarantees for the mechanization and large-scale operation of agricultural land,but also stimulates the migration of affluent rural labor into cities and nonagricultural industries such as industry,creating opportunities for deepening labor division.Based on an overview of the development of agricultural mechanization and deepening of labor division in the process of land system change,this article constructs an emerging classical economic model to examine the equilibrium utility of the economy during the traditional agricultural stage,the household contract responsibility system stage,and the three rights division period.In terms of theory,research has found the possibility and conditions for agricultural land circulation and labor division to improve the economic situation of the economy.That is,when the transaction efficiency,the degree of specialization in production,and the labor reduction coefficient of workers meet certain conditions,and the proportion of agricultural population is small and maintains a certain corresponding relationship with the proportion of population in the agricultural machinery sector,the production mode during the three rights division period can further improve the economic situation;In terms of numerical analysis,according to research,with the deepening of labor division in the production of agricultural machinery and tools,the increase in the degree of specialization in the production of agricultural products and general industrial products will greatly enhance the individual equilibrium utility of the economy.In short,the strong institutional supply of land circulation policies has created a driving force for the division of labor in the dual economy,resulting in moderate scale management of land and division of labor in agricultural machinery production,which further promote the development of the agricultural economy under the new business model,thereby improving the utility of the economy.