马克思“两个转变”的历史性开启--重解“从社会舞台退回书房”的基本动因

Reinterpreting the Basic Motivation of Marx’s“Withdraw from the Public Stage to the Study”

马克思“从社会舞台退回书房”的动因分析,部分被关于“对所谓物质利益发表意见的难事”和“苦恼的疑问”两个概念的思想追寻所遮蔽。事实上,马克思“从社会舞台退回书房”转向研究经济问题、从事政治经济学批判,是多重动因使然。其中,遭遇《莱茵报》时期“对所谓物质利益发表意见的难事”是“最初动因”,而马克思以往研究成果不足以评判英法空想社会主义学说的思想困境、与《莱茵报》发行人温和的办报立场存在的原则性分歧,则进一步推动马克思下定决心实现这一转向。这实质上标志着马克思“两个转变”的历史性开启,即从唯心主义到唯物主义、从革命民主主义到共产主义的转变。

The analysis of the motives for Marx’s“withdraw from the public stage to the study”is overshadowed by the intellectual search for the concepts of“the embarrassing position of having to discuss so-called material interests”and“assailing doubts”.In fact,Marx’s“withdraw from the public stage to the study”to the study of economic problems and the critique of political economy was motivated by multiple factors.Among them,the“initial motivation”was the“the embarrassing position of having to discuss so-called material interests”during the Rheinische Zeitung period,while the ideological dilemma of the inadequacy of previous research results to assess the British and French doctrines of ideal socialism,and the principled disagreement with the moderate position of the publisher of the Rheinische Zeitung,Marx’s determination to make this turn was further motivated.In essence,this marked the historic beginning of Marx’s“two transformations”.