氨在有色金属低碳冶炼中的应用思考与探讨

Review and discussion of the use of ammonia in low carbon non-ferrous metallurgy

氢能是实现“双碳”达标的重要技术途径,但受限于电解水技术的经济瓶颈和储存运输的安全隐患,绿氢的工业化应用还未得到广泛普及。氨作为氢能载体的一种介质,是一种优质零碳燃料,具备还原剂的内在潜质,而且便于储存和运输,诸多学者已开展了氨能技术的研发工作。但将氨用作有色金属冶炼领域的能源供热和冶炼还原剂的应用或研究目前还处于空白阶段,本文基于氨的制备和储运、氨的燃料属性、氨的还原属性等分析,对铜、锌、铅、镍、锡、锑等6种常见的有色金属氧化物还原热力学进行了计算,结果表明,氨气还原的标准吉布斯自由能与碳还原的标准吉布斯自由能相接近,具备成为有色金属冶炼优质还原剂的条件;未来,还需要对氨气还原有色金属物料的还原动力学、气液界面反应强化机制、还原控速环节、还原动力学模型以及更深层次的还原机理等多项内容进行深入研究,以期为氨在有色金属冶炼领域的应用提供理论依据。另外,构建低成本绿氨供应链,开发具有自主知识产权的氨气零碳燃烧技术和氨冶金技术体系,将对我国冶炼工业低碳发展具有重要意义。

Hydrogen energy is an important technical way to achieve the"Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Goals",but due to the economic bottleneck of electrolytic water technology and the safety risks of storage and transportation,the industrial application of green hydrogen has not been widely popularized.As a medium of hydrogen energy carrier,ammonia is a high-quality zero-carbon fuel,which has the inherent potential of reducing agent,and is easy to store and transport.Many scholars have done research and development on ammonia energy technology.At present,the application or research of ammonia as energy heating and smelting reducing agent in the field of non-ferrous metal smelting is still at the blank stage.Based on the analysis of the production,storage and transportation of ammonia,the fuel properties of ammonia and the reduction properties of ammonia,the reduction thermodynamics of 6 common non-ferrous metal oxides such as copper,zinc,lead,nickel,tin and antimony have been calculated.The results show that the standard Gibbs free energy of ammonia reduction is close to that of carbon reduction.In the future,it is also necessary to conduct in-depth studies on the reduction kinetics,gas-liquid interface reaction mechanism,reduction rate control link,reduction kinetics model and deeper reduction mechanism of non-ferrous metal materials reduced by ammonia,in order to provide theoretical basis for the application of ammonia in the field of non-ferrous metal smelting.In addition,the construction of low-cost green ammonia supply chain and the development of ammonia zero-carbon combustion technology and ammonia metallurgy technology system with independent intellectual property rights will be of great significance to the low-carbon development of China's smelting industry.