DNA甲基化作为结直肠癌早期诊断标志物的研究进展

Advances in DNA methylation as biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤类型之一,也是肿瘤相关死亡的重要原因。结直肠癌早期无明显症状,多数患者初诊时已处于中晚期,是结直肠癌患者五年生存率低的主要原因。因此,早期发现并采取及时有效治疗是提高结直肠癌患者预后的关键。DNA甲基化作为一种被深入研究的表观遗传学修饰,在多种恶性肿瘤发生的早期发挥着关键作用,并且贯穿肿瘤发生的整个过程,这为DNA甲基化作为结直肠癌早期诊断的生物标志物提供了可行性。该文章系统总结了基于血液、粪便、尿液和肠道灌洗液等不同样本中DNA甲基化作为结直肠癌早期诊断标志物的最新研究进展。

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death.Most patients with early-stage colorectal cancer are asymptomatic,while are in the middle or advanced stage at the first visit.This is the main reason for the low five-year survival rate of colorectal cancer patients.Colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer,owing to its high sensitivity and specificity.However,the acceptance of colonoscopy is low.Therefore,it is imperative to explore a diagnostic method with high accuracy and high acceptance.As one of the most studied epigenetic modifications,DNA methylation plays a key role in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer,which provides the possibility for DNA methylation as biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer.This article systematically summarized the latest research on DNA methylation of different genes based on blood,stool,urine,and bowel lavage fluid for the early detection of colorectal cancer.