广西东兴市社山新石器时代贝丘遗址发掘简报

Excavation of Sheshan Neolithic Shell Mound Site in Dongxing City,Guangxi

社山遗址位于广西壮族自治区东兴市江平镇交东村西南。1958—1978年,广东和广西两省(区)文物工作队先后对该遗址进行调查。2012年2—4月,广西文物保护与考古研究所联合防城港市博物馆对该遗址进行了试掘,实际发掘面积6平方米,发现了丰富的文化遗存。其中石器139件,以打制为主,有蠔蛎啄、砍斫器和尖状器等,磨制石器有斧、磨棒;陶片数量较多,可辨器型有罐、釜和钵;骨器7件,均为骨锥。大量海生软体动物外壳和鱼骨的发现证明了遗址以采集海生资源为主的生业模式。社山遗址属海滨贝丘遗址,年代为新石器时代晚期。本次试掘对进一步了解北部湾地区海滨贝丘遗址的文化面貌以及新石器时代古人类的生业模式具有重要意义。

A Neolithic coastal site of the North Sea situated in the southwest of Jiaodong village of Dongxing,Guangxi was excavated in 2012 by Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relic Protection and Archaeology and Fangchenggang City Museum.The Neolithic cultural layers are in situ despite the destruction when the site was first discovered by local villagers in 1958 during daily farming activities.Numerous cultural relics were found in the Neolithic stratification during the excavation,including lithic artifacts,pottery sherds and bone tools.Choppers,scrapers,pointedend scrapers and other stone tools compose the majority of Sheshan tools,followed by a great number of pottery sherds,and few polished artifacts made of animal bones.Complete earthernware is absent,and distinguishable types of pottery pieces are mostly vessels,like jars,fu cauldrons,and pots.The plentiful existence of mollusk shells indicates that hunting-gathering was the main means of livelihood of Sheshan.The studies of archaeobotany and zooarchaeology are being carried out.Environment research and carbon-14 dating are the priorities in the future work.According to the stratigraphic accumulation and unearthed relics,the site is dated to the late Neolithic Age.The excavation of the site not only clarifies its age,cultural contents and economic pattern,but also provides reliable materials for the study of Neolithic cultures in Guangxi.