重庆市綦江区对门嘴宋元墓地发掘简报

Excavation of the Song-Yuan Cemetery at Duimenzui in Qijiang District,Chongqing

为配合綦江北互通建设工程,2020年4—5月,重庆市文物考古研究院(原重庆市文化遗产研究院)联合重庆市綦江区文物管理所对重庆市綦江区对门嘴墓地进行了考古发掘。共清理宋代至元代石室墓4座,其中单室墓1座,双室墓3座,出土有瓷碗、瓷灯盏、瓷盏、瓷罐、瓷碟、瓷盘、陶碗、陶罐等遗物。4座墓葬的形制结构、石刻内容和雕刻风格等反映了川东地区宋代石室墓的一些共性特征,墓葬出土器物为研究当时綦江地区的丧葬习俗、雕刻艺术和社会生活等提供了新的实物资料。

Duimenzui Cemetery is located in Group 2 of Desheng Village,Xinsheng Town of Qijiang District,Chongqing.To cooperate with the construction of North Qijiang Interchange project,Chongqing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology(former Chongqing Institute of Cultural Heritage)carried out joint rescue excavation with the Qijiang District Administration of Cultural Relics,Chongqing at the Duimenzui Cemetery in April and May of 2020.A total of 4 stone-chambered tombs from Song and Yuan dynasties were excavated,which are numbered 2020QXDM1 to 2020QXDM4,including a single-chambered tomb and 3 double-chambered tombs.A plenty of funerary objects were unearthed,such as porcelain bowls,lamps,cups,jars,dishes,plates,and pottery bowls and jars.Very few materials of Song Dynasty burials in the Qijiang region have been published before,the four tombs all consist of retaining walls,tomb entrances,chambers,drains,side niches and rear niches,etc.,their shape and structure as well as the content and style of carvings reflect some similarities among the Song Dynasty stone-chambered tombs in eastern Sichuan area.Through comparative analysis of tomb structure and unearthed cultural relics,M1,M2 and M3 are dated to the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty,while M4 is a little later,which should be between the end of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty.These findings enrich the archaeological materials of tombs from the Song and Yuan dynasties in the Qijiang region.The funerary objects are significant references for the chronology and typology studies of stone-chambered tombs of the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties in Qijiang,and provide new materials for the research of funeral customs,engraving art and social life during that time.