东南亚地区出土的汉朝文物与汉代海上丝绸之路

Han Cultural Relics Discovered in Southeast Asia and Maritime Silk Road during the Han Dynasty

长期以来,关于汉代海上丝绸之路及相关中外文化交流的考古学研究,多以中国境内发现的各种舶来器物或异域文化因素的考察为主,对海上丝绸之路沿线出土的来自中国汉朝的文物或汉文化因素却少有问津。东南亚作为汉代海上丝绸之路途经的重要区域,在相当于中国两汉时期的考古遗存中,发现了很多汉朝文物,如陶器、铜镜、铜容器、钱币、印章等。这些发现是当时汉文化沿海上丝绸之路向外传播、走向世界的重要物证,也是研究汉代海上丝绸之路具体走向及汉代海外贸易等问题的珍贵材料。其中,越南中部的秋盆江三角洲和南部的湄公河三角洲,以及泰国南部马来半岛上的克拉地峡,是中国汉朝文物发现最为集中的地方。很显然,这几个地方因地理位置特殊,在当时成为了海上丝绸之路的重要交通节点和繁盛一时的贸易中心。从印度尼西亚发现的汉朝文物看,进入东汉以后,海上丝绸之路在原来的基础上又增加了通向东南亚岛屿地区的一些线路。

For a long time,the archaeological research on the Maritime Silk Road of Han Dynasty and related cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries has mainly focused on the investigation of various imported artifacts or foreign cultural factors found within China,but little attention has been paid to the cultural relics from the Han Dynasty or Han cultural factors unearthed along the Maritime Silk Road.In Southeast Asia,which was an important area along the Maritime Silk Road of the Han Dynasty,many Han cultural artifacts,such as pottery,bronze mirrors,copper containers,coins and seals,have been found among the archaeological remains contemporaneous with those of the Han Dynasty in China.These discoveries are important material evidence for the spread of Han culture along the Maritime Silk Road to the world at that time,and also valuable materials for studying the specific trend of the Maritime Silk Road and overseas trade in the Han Dynasty.The Thu Bon River delta in central Vietnam and the Mekong Delta in the south,as well as the Kra Isthmus on the Thai-Malay Peninsula,are the places where Chinese Han Dynasty cultural relics are most concentrated.Obviously,due to their special geographical locations,these places became important transportation nodes and prosperous trade centers of the Maritime Silk Road in the Han Dynasty.According to the Han Dynasty cultural artifacts found in Indonesia,since the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Maritime Silk Road had additional routes to the insular area in Southeast Asia on the original basis.