线天线耦合核电磁脉冲特性的分析

Characteristics of Wire-Antenna Coupled Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse

针对线天线耦合核电磁脉冲产生感应过电压对接收机造成损害的问题,基于瞬变电场与天线接收理论,利用理论与实验相结合的方法,采用有界波模拟器模拟2.3/23 ns电场波形,选用频段420 MHz~550 MHz的线天线进行电磁脉冲耦合实验。实验结果表明:频段为420 MHz~550 MHz的线天线对核电磁脉冲的耦合电压波形为阻尼振荡波型;耦合核电磁脉冲的频段主要集中在0 MHz~130 MHz;耦合电压峰值随着电场强度的增加呈线性增长趋势。分析试验数据,提出将电涌保护器件与滤波器组合对该频段的线天线进行防护的方案,通过电路仿真软件ADS(Advanced Design System)验证设计电路性能指标,然后制作出实物进行试验验证。实测表明:设计的电磁脉冲防护装置能够达到抑制电压和泄放能量的效果,有效地保护天线设备且不影响天线正常工作。研究结果对天线核电磁脉冲的防护设计具有一定的参考价值。

Aiming at the problem that the induced overvoltage generated by the wire-antenna coupled nuclear electromagnetic pulse causes damage to the receiver,based on the theory of transient electric field and antenna reception,using the method of combining theory and experiment,a wire antenna with a frequency band of 420 MHz-550 MHz is selected for electromagnetic pulse coupling experiment adopting a bounded wave simulator to simulate the 2.3/23 ns electric field for the waveform.The experiment results show that the coupling voltage waveform of the wire antenna with the frequency band of 420 MHz~550 MHz to the nuclear electromagnetic pulse is a damped oscillation waveform;the frequency band of the coupled nuclear electromagnetic pulse is mainly concentrated in 0 MHz~130 MHz;the peak of the coupling voltage is linear with the increase of the electric field strength growth trend.By analyzing the test data,a plan is put forward to protect the wire antenna of this frequency band by combining the surge protection device and the filter,and the design circuit performance index is verified through the circuit simulation software ADS(Advanced Design System),and then produce the actual object for test verification.The actual measurement shows that the electromagnetic pulse protection device designed in this paper can achieve the effects of suppressing voltage and releasing energy,effectively protecting antenna equipment without affecting the normal operation of antenna.The research results have certain reference value for the protection design of antenna nuclear electromagnetic pulse.