考虑温度的高速列车轴箱轴承内部接触特性分析

Analysis of internal contact behaviour of high-speed trainaxle box bearing considering temperature

作为高速列车的核心部件,轴箱轴承一旦失效就将严重威胁车辆安全运行。然而,服役过程中的轴承内部温度分布与接触特性极其复杂且难以有效监测。为此,建立了轴箱轴承稳态温度场模型和静力学有限元模型,并分别通过线路实验与理论结果进行验证。考虑润滑剂对轴承内部摩擦产热和散热的影响,构建高速列车轴箱轴承热力耦合有限元模型,可准确再现列车轴箱轴承内部温度分布规律和接触特性。系统研究了轴箱轴承内部的温度分布规律,并分析了温度对轴箱轴承内部接触特性的影响,探讨了复合载荷和转速对轴承温度和接触特性的影响规律。结果表明,温度对轴承各零部件应力影响十分显著,轴承最大应力增幅高达489.26%;轴承内部温度和应力随复合载荷与转速的增加而逐渐增加,温度对应力影响更为显著。研究结果可为高速列车轴箱轴承的接触行为研究与参数优化设计提供理论指导与技术支撑。

As the core component of high-speed trains,axle box bearings will seriously threaten the safe operation of vehicles once they fail.However,the internal temperature distribution and contact characteristics of the bearing during service are extremely complex and difficult to monitor effectively.Therefore,the steady-state temperature field model and static finite element model of axle box bearing are established and verified by line test and theoretical results respectively.Furthermore,considering the influence of lubricant on the friction heat generation and heat dissipation inside the bearing,a thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model of high-speed train axle box bearing is constructed,which can accurately reproduce the internal temperature distribution and contact characteristics of the train axle box bearing.Based on this,the temperature distribution law inside the axle box bearing is systematically studied,and the influence of temperature on the internal contact characteristics of the axle box bearing is analyzed.The influence of composite load and speed on the temperature and contact characteristics of the bearing is studied.The results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the stress of each part of the bearing,and the maximum stress of the bearing increases by 489.26%considering the temperature.The temperature and stress inside the bearing increase with the increase of combined load and rotational speed,and the effect of temperature on stress is more significant.The research results can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the contact behavior research and parameter optimization design of high-speed train axle box bearings.