安徽地区克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构

Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Procambarus clarkii populations in Anhui Province

为了解安徽地区克氏原螯虾养殖群体的遗传多样性,实验以安徽芜湖(WH)、宣城(XC)、合肥(HF)3个地区克氏原螯虾人工养殖群体为研究对象,分别以安徽铜陵(TL)、马鞍山(MAS)2个野生群体和监利(JL)、建湖(JH)、滆湖(GH)、兴化(XH)4个人工养殖群体作为对照,选用10对克氏原螯虾微卫星引物对其进行微卫星遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。结果显示,安徽地区人工养殖克氏原螯虾群体的平均遗传多样性均高于2个野生群体和江苏、湖北4个地区的人工养殖群体,其中XC群体的遗传多样性最高。9个群体全部10个位点经Bonferroni法校正后均显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡且绝大多数位点显示杂合不足。AMOVA分析表明遗传变异是由群体内部决定的;大多数组的F_(st)表现出中度分化(0.05<F_(st)<0.15)。基因流表明不同群体之间存在着广泛的基因交换,尤其是GH和JH群体之间。基于群体间Nei氏遗传距离及UPGMA聚类树结果显示,WU、GH、MAS和JH群体聚为一组,XC和HF群体同属于一组,而JL、TL和XH群体分别自成一组。STRUCTUR结果显示,XC和HF群体的大多数个体被分配到相同的遗传群中,说明上述群体起源相同。研究表明,安徽地区克氏原螯虾人工养殖群体具有较高的遗传多样性。实验结果可为安徽地区克氏原螯虾种质资源的保护和改良提供参考资料。

Anhui is one of the main areas of artificial crawfish(Procambarus clarkia)farming in China.To understand the genetic diversity of cultured P.clarkii populations in Anhui Province,this study selected three artificial cultured populations of P.clarkii in Anhui(WH,XC and HF)as the research object,with two wild population of P.clarkii in Anhui(TL and MAS)and four artificial cultured populations(JL,JH,GH and XH)as control.Ten pairs of P.clarkii microsatellite primers were selected to study microsatellite genetic diversity and genetic structure.The results revealed that the genetic diversity of P.clarkii artificial cultured in Anhui was higher than wild population and four artificial cultured populations(JL,JH,GH and XH),and the XC population had the highest genetic diversity.Tests of deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicated all 10 loci in 9 populations were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction and most of them had significant heterozygosity deficiency.AMOVA analysis showed that genetic variation was determined within the population.F_(st)in most groups showed moderate differentiation(0.05<F_(st)<0.15).The gene flow demonstrated there were extensive gene exchanges between different populations,particularly between GH and JH.UPGMA tree revealed that XC and HF belonged to the same clade,and WU、GH、MAS and JH were in the other clade,whereas the remaining populations formed their own clade.STRUCTUR results showed that most individuals in XC and HF populations were assigned to the same genetic population,suggesting that they may have the same origin.The results showed that the cultured population of P.clarkii in Anhui had high genetic diversity,which provided reference for the protection and improvement of P.clarkii germplasm resources in Anhui.