棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆的肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

Analysis and quality evaluation of nutritional components in the muscle of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂and E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂

为确定母本棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”和杂交珍珠龙胆的肌肉营养成分并比较其差异,实验采用常规方法,依据国家标准对棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆肌肉中的水分、蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物元素的组成与含量进行测定和评价。结果显示,3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别为19.0%、20.2%和16.8%;3种石斑鱼氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸指数、鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(18.10%、18.53%、16.01%),(7.52%、7.70%、6.32%),(88.20、84.80、88.30)和(6.92%、7.13%、6.10%);3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别为3.0%、4.2%和2.4%,其中珍珠龙胆DHA+EPA的含量为24.02%,杂交“金虎斑”DHA+EPA的含量为23.56%,棕点石斑鱼DHA+EPA的含量为22.76%;5种常量元素Na、K、Ca、Mg、P和5种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se均有检出。研究表明,棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆可以为人类提供丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐和矿物元素,是具有较高食用价值的优良海水养殖品种。其中杂交“金虎斑”在一些营养指标中明显高于母本棕点石斑鱼。

Grouper is a rare seawater fish with delicious taste and rich nutrition.In our previous study,we bred the hybrid“Jinhu grouper”with a growth advantage by crossing the frozen sperm of Epinephelus tukula and E.fuscoguttatus egg.The average weight of 1 age old“Jinhu grouper”was 559.76 g,1.63 times that of the hybrid of E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂.In this study,the compositions and contents of water,protein,crude fat,ash content,amino acids,fatty acids and 10 mineral elements in the muscles of E.fuscoguttatus,E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂and E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂were measured by conventional methods,according to the national standard.The crude protein contents in the muscles of E.fuscoguttatus,E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂and E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂were 19.0%,20.2%and 16.8%respectively.The total quantity of amino acids,essential amino acids,essential amino acid index and the fresh amino acids of these three groupers were(18.10%,18.53%,16.01%),(7.52%,7.70%,6.32%),(88.20,84.80,88.30)and(6.92%,7.13%,6.10%),respectively.The fat content in the muscle of three grouper was 3.0%,4.2%and 2.4%,respectively;and the content of DHA+EPA in E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂was 24.02%,the content of DHA+EPA in E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂was 23.56%,the content of DHA+EPA in E.fuscoguttatus was 22.76%.There are abundant mineral elements in the muscles of three grouper;five major elements(K,Ca,Na,Mg and P)and five trace elements(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Se)were detected.The research shows that E.fuscoguttatus,E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂and E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂can provide abundant protein,fat,inorganic salt and mineral elements for humans,thus the three groupers are excellent mariculture varieties with high edible value.Moreover,some nutritional indexes of the hybrid E.fuscoguttatus♀×E.tukula♂was significantly higher than the female parent E.fuscoguttatus.