中国森林资源旅游利用效率研究——以30个省份的森林公园为例

Study on Tourism Utilization Efficiency of Forest Resources in China——Taking Forest Parks in 30 Provinces as Example

森林资源旅游利用效率研究能够为生态服务价值提升提供科学决策依据。文章首次将森林资源的旅游利用过程分解为旅游空间和旅游服务两个生产过程,运用数据包络分析、多元回归等方法,从全产业链视角研究森林资源的旅游利用效率及其影响因素和形成机理。研究发现:(1)全国森林资源旅游利用的空间生产效率和服务生产效率的平均值分别为0.56和0.74,省际间差异较大。(2)森林资源质量对数、政府生态保护投入对数对空间生产效率具有显著正向影响,影响系数分别为0.0940和0.0852;两者对空间生产效率具有显著交互负向影响,影响系数为-0.0236。得出森林旅游空间生产效率的关键影响因素,发现政府生态保护投资和森林资源质量对森林旅游空间生产效率具有非线性影响。(3)森林公园总投资对服务生产效率的影响不显著。生态保护投资、旅游设施水平对服务生产效率具有显著影响。生态保护投资、车船数量、游道长度、床位个数四个变量的对数对服务生产效率的影响系数分别为0.0439、-0.0454、0.1043和0.0406。揭示出森林资源旅游利用效率的关键影响因素,以及不同类型旅游设施对森林公园旅游服务生产效率的异质性影响。文章提出加大政府生态保护投入、调整优化森林公园资本结构、制订休闲度假等森林旅游资源标准有助于提高森林资源旅游利用效率的政策启示。

Study on tourism utilization efficiency of forest resources can provide scientific decision-making basis for improving its ecological service value.The tourism utilization process of forest resources was divided into tourism space production process and tourism service production process for the first time.The tourism utilization efficiency,its influencing factors and formation mechanism were studied by using the methods of data envelopment analysis,multiple regression model from the perspective of the whole industrial chain.The study found that:(1)The average value of the space production efficiency and service production efficiency of the tourism utilization for the forest resources of the whole country was 0.56 and 0.74,respectively,with great difference between provinces.(2)The logarithm of forest resource quality and the logarithm of government ecological protection investment had significant positive effects on the space production efficiency,with the influence coefficient of 0.0940 and 0.0852,respectively.In addition,the two variables had significant interactive negative effect on the space production efficiency,with an influence coefficient of-0.0236.The key influencing factors of forest tourism space production efficiency were obtained,the nonlinear influences of government ecological protection investment and forest resource quality on forest tourism space production efficiency were found.(3)The total investment of forest park had no significant impact on the service production efficiency.Ecological protection investment and tourism facilities level had significant impacts on the service production efficiency.The logarithm of the four variables of ecological protection investment,number of vehicles and vessels,road length,and number of beds on the service production efficiency were 0.0439,-0.0454,0.1043,and 0.0406,respectively.The key influencing factors of the tourism utilization efficiency of forest resources were revealed,and the heterogeneous effects of investment in ecological protection of forest parks and different types of tourism facilities on the service production efficiency were found.The implications of increasing the government's investment in ecological protection,adjusting and optimizing the capital structure of forest parks,and making the standards of forest tourism resources such as leisure and vacation were proposed to improve the tourism utilization efficiency of forest resources.